Table 2.
Clinical features of the patients with MM according to the sCD229 cut-off.
| Characteristics | sCD229 ≤ 5.0 ng/mL (n = 99) |
sCD229 > 5.0 ng/mL (n = 23) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, male, n (%) | 58 (58.6) | 11 (47.8) | 0.36 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 65 (56–73) | 69 (66.5–78.5) | 0.01 |
| Immunological subtype, n (%) | 0.14 | ||
| IgG | 60 (60.6) | 10 (43.5) | |
| IgA | 20 (20.2) | 9 (39.1) | |
| Bence Jones | 16 (16.2) | 3 (13.0) | |
| Light chain isotype, n (%) | 0.09 | ||
| Kappa | 65 (65.7) | 10 (43.5) | |
| Lambda | 30 (30.3) | 12 (52.2) | |
| Hemoglobin g/L, median (IQR) | 10.8 (10–12.1) | 9.6 (8.85–11.4) | 0.01 |
| Platelets 109/L, median (IQR) | 214 (175–171) | 177 (129–207) | 0.005 |
| Calcium mg/dL, median (IQR) | 9.3 (8.85–9.8) | 9.8 (9.1–10.7) | 0.10 |
| Creatinine mg/dL, median (IQR) | 0.88 (0.70–1.26) | 1.16 (1.04–1.42) | 0.003 |
| Albumin g/L, median (IQR) | 37 (33–42) | 32 (28–37) | 0.007 |
| β2-microglobulin mg/L, median (IQR) | 3.85 (2.8–6.1) | 8.3 (5.8–11.1) | <0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogensase ≥ ULN, n (%) | 11 (11.1) | 5 (21.7) | 0.18 |
| Bone lytic lesions, n (%) | 69 (70.4) | 12 (54.5) | 0.35 |
| Bone marrow plasma cells, median (IQR) | 28 (13–49.5) | 63 (50–73) | <0.001 |
| ECOG PS > 2, n (%) | 15 (15.3) | 6 (26.1) | 0.23 |
| International Staging System, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| I | 32 (32.7) | 0 (0) | |
| II | 35 (35.7) | 4 (17.4) | |
| III | 31 (31.6) | 19 (82.6) | |
| Cytogenetic abnormalities | 0.47 | ||
| t(4;14) | 3 (3.0) | 1 (4.3) | |
| t(11;14) | 12 (12.1) | 2 (8.7) | |
| t(14;16) | 2 (2.0) | 1 (4.3) | |
| gain(1q+) | 3 (3.0) | 0 (0) | |
| del(17p) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Response, n (%) | 0.80 | ||
| Overall response rate | 73 (73.7) | 16 (69.6) | |
| Complete remission rate | 19 (19.2) | 4 (17.4) | 1.00 |
| Induction treatment, n (%) | 0.32 | ||
| Chemotherapy-based | 9 (9.1) | 3 (13.6) | |
| PI-based | 32 (32.3) | 7 (31.8) | |
| IMID-based | 9 (9.1) | 5 (22.7) | |
| PI + IMI-based | 40 (40.4) | 5 (22.7) | |
| Daratumumab-based | 6 (6.1) | 1 (4.5) | |
| Elotuzumab-based | 3 (3.0) | 1 (4.5) | |
| Autologous stem cell transplantation, n (%) | 49 (49.5) | 3 (13) | 0.002 |
ECOG PS, East Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; IMID, immunomodulatory drugs; IQR, interquartile range; PI, proteasome inhibitor; and ULN, upper limit of normal. Statistically significant p-value in bold.