Abbreviation	Meaning
17β	hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1
3β	hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
ARs	androgen receptors
ARO	aromatase
BALF	bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
BMDCs	bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
CSCs	cancer stem cells
CXCR4  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
CYP17	17aα-hydroxylase
CYP19A1	aromatase
DCs	dendritic cells
DHEA	dehydroepiandrosterone
DHEAS	dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
DHT	5α-dihydrotestosterone
E1	estrone
E2	17β-estradiol
E3	estriol
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
EGFR-TKIs	epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors
EMT	epithelial-mesenchymal transition
ERs	estrogen receptors
ERα, ER1	estrogen receptor α
ERβ, ER2	estrogen receptor β
ESR1	estrogen receptor alpha gene
ESR2	estrogen receptor beta gene
EVs	extracellular vesicles
G-CSF	granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
GPER1	G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1
HDACi	histone deacetylase inhibitors
HER2	human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
HGPIN	high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
HR+	hormone-positive
HRT	hormonal replacement therapy
ICIs	immune checkpoint inhibitors
IL	interleukin
LAG-3	lymphocyte activation gene 3
LNs	lymph nodes
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDSCs	myeloid-derived suppressor cells
MMP-2	matrix metalloproteinase-2
MMP-9	matrix metalloproteinase-9
MPs	microparticles
NO	nitric oxide
NSCLC	non-small cell lung carcinoma
OS	overall survival
P450scc	cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme
PBMC	peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PD-L1	programmed death ligand 1
SASP	senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SCLC	small cell lung carcinoma
SHBG	sex hormone-binding protein
SNPs	single-nucleotide polymorphism
STS	steroid sulfatase
TAMs	tumor-associated macrophages
TES	testosterone
TEXs	tumor-derived exosomes
TILs	tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
TIM3	T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3
TKIs	tyrosine kinase inhibitors
TMB	tumor mutational burden
TME	tumor microenvironment
TNBC	triple-negative breast cancer
TNFα	tumor necrosis factor α
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VISTA	V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation