Table 1.

Composition of lignocellulosic material (in %) and annual production (in million tons) present in winemaking waste.

Residues	Cellulose	Hemicellulose	Lignin	Ashes	Proteins	Extractives	Estimated Production	Estimated Availability in World (Million t/Year)	Refs.
Grape marc	20.8	2.5	29.8	4.2–7.8	12.1–18.8	39.1	20–30%	10.5–13.1	[22,23,24,25]
Stalks	20–36	21–24.5	17.4–34	3.9–7	6.1	1.7–2.3	3–7.5%	2.2–3.1	[26,27,28,29]
Vine prunings	32.9–39.9	5.8–27	26.7–46.8	2.6–3.3	2.0–2.7	3.1–16.6	-	2–4	[17,19,21,30,31,32]