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. 2022 Apr 19;23(9):4473. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094473

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Concentration-dependent effects of subchronic administration of brivaracetam (0, 3 and 10 μM) (A) and levetiracetam (0, 100, and 300 μM) (B) for 7 days on astroglial L-glutamate release induced by subchronic fast-ripple-HFO evoked stimulations (100 set) for 3 or 7 days. Ordinates indicate the mean ± SD of extracellular L-glutamate level (μM) (n = 6). ** p < 0.01; relative to the free of fast-ripple-HFO evoked stimulation (0 days), and @@ p < 0.01; relative to free of brivaracetam or levetiracetam (control) by MANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test.