Table 1.

Material properties to characterize the super-elastic behavior of NiTi alloy. Reprinted/adapted with permission from Ref. [10]. 2014, Elsevier.

Parameter	Variable	Magnitude
Young’s modulus of austenite	$E_A$	42,530 MPa
Austenite Poisson’s ratio	${\nu }_A$	0.33
Young’s modulus of martensite	$E_M$	12,828 MPa
Martensite Poisson’s ratio	${\nu }_M$	$0.33$
Uni-axial transformation strain	${\epsilon }_L$	$6\%$
Slope of the stress–temperature curve for loading	${(\delta \sigma /\delta T)}_L$	$6.7$
Start of transformation loading	${\sigma }_L^S$	$492\mathrm{MPa}$
End of transformation loading	${\sigma }_L^E$	$630\mathrm{MPa}$
Reference temperature	$T_0$	22 ${}^{\circ }$C
Slope of the stress–temperature curve for unloading	${(\delta \sigma /\delta T)}_U$	$6.7$
Start of transformation unloading	${\sigma }_U^S$	$192\mathrm{MPa}$
End of transformation unloading	${\sigma }_U^E$	$97\mathrm{MPa}$
End of martensitic elastic regime	${\sigma }_{ME}^E$	$1200\mathrm{MPa}$