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. 2022 Apr 29;15(9):3218. doi: 10.3390/ma15093218

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) Chemical structures of biomodification agents surveyed and steps diagram to the preparation of biomodification solutions [21]. A. Mono-lignol precursors of structural units forming the polymeric lignin molecule; B. Chemical structure of purified cardanol; C. Major structure of proanthocyanidins (PAC) from grape seed extract. (B) Diagram of experimental design with all experiments and number of specimens.