Table 3.

Antiviral activity of chitosan and its derivatives.

Chitosan	Virus	Cell Line	Concentration	Ref.
Zinc stabilized chitosan	HIV-1	Human peripheral blood mononuclear	0.1–0.2% w/v chitosan in acetic acid	[95]
Curcumin-loaded chitosan nanocomposite	Hepatitis C	human hepatoma	20 µg/mL curcumin in 4% chitosan composite	[94]
Chitosan with medium molecular weight	AD169 strain of HCMV	Human embryonic lung fibroblasts	9–14 mg Fostcanet antiviral drug in 4.5 mg chitosan	[98]
Silver-loaded chitosan	H1N1 Influenza A	Madin-Darby canine kidney	Ag NPs in 10 mg/mL chitosan	[99]
Nanosilver-loaded polyquaternary phosphonium oligochitosan	Hepatitis A	Vero	100 µL/mL silver NPs	[100]
3,6-O-sulfated chitosan	HPV	293FT, Hela, HaCaT	2.4, 4.7, 4.2 µg/mL chitosan	[101]
HTCC	SARS-CoV2	human airway epithelium (HAE)	12.5 µg/mL HTCC	[96]
GCPQ	SARS-CoV2	Vero E6 and A549	10 µg/mL GCPQ	[97]