Table 4.
Summary of regional and global findings in the small intestine from DEP exposure and probiotic treatment (CON + DEP vs. CON + PRO).
| Duodenum | Jejunum | Ileum | Global/Avg | Transcript mRNA Levels | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goblet Cell count | - | - | - | - | N/A |
| MUC2 | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | - |
| Claudin-3 | - | - | ↑ | ↑ | - |
| Occludin | ↑ | - | - | ↑ | - |
| ZO-1 | - | - | - | ↓ | ↑ |
| MMP-9 | - | - | - | - | - |
| TNF-α | - | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | N/A |
| IL-10 | - | ↑ | - | ↑ | N/A |
| NF-κB | - | - | - | - | N/A |
| TLR-4 | - | ↓ | - | ↓ | N/A |
Abbreviations: MUC2, mucin 2; ZO-1, zonula occludens; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-10, interleukin 10; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; and TLR-4, toll-like receptor 4. ↑ = increased expression, ↓ = decreased expression.