Table 2.
Means and standard deviations of the variables over time in the immediate and delayed treatment groups. (N = 27).
| T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| Primary outcomes | DASS_Stress | ITG | 6.62 (4.52) | 4.54 (3.99) | - | 4.77 (4.04) | 5.18 (4.79) | 4.18 (3.19) |
| DTG | 7.36 (3.59) | 5.42 (2.23) | 5.29 (2.09) | 5.45 (2.66) | 5.17 (2.44) | 7.17 (3.19) | ||
| DASS_Anxiety | ITG | 4.00 (3.56) | 2.15 (1.95) | - | 1.85 (2.34) | 2.27 (3.90) | 1.36 (1.96) | |
| DTG | 3.50 (1.7) | 2.92 (2.15) | 3.00 (2.83) | 2.18 (1.72) | 1.83 (2.21) | 4.17 (2.86) | ||
| DASS_Depression | ITG | 5.85 (5.8) | 3.69 (5.02) | - | 3.08 (3.57) | 4.09 (4.61) | 4.27 (4.34) | |
| DTG | 5.00 (4.76) | 2.67 (1.92) | 4.14 (3.7) | 2.70 (2.87) | 3.08 (2.31) | 3.67 (2.77) | ||
| Secondary outcomes | DERS | ITG | 58.92 (17.54) | 54.23 (18.21) | - | 51.54 (15.69) | 50.55 (14.47) | 49.36 (13.84) |
| DTG | 56.57 (14.85) | 55.75 (11.14) | 55.23 (12.06) | 49.4 (9.99) | 55.27 (15.51) | 53.83 (12.08) | ||
| Neuroticism | ITG | 21.77 (9.64) | 21.46 (8.25) | - | 18.17 (8.70) | 18.00 (9.19) | 18.00 (9.30) | |
| DTG | 21.79 (4.64) | 19.00 (5.77) | 19.36 (5.53) | 19.5 (5.10) | 19.5 (5.65) | 19.25 (4.96) | ||
| Extraversion | ITG | 25.46 (5.09) | 26.92 (5.92) | - | 28.42 (6.99) | 28.9 (5.57) | 28.00 (6.45) | |
| DTG | 24.21 (6.96) | 25.92 (4.89) | 26.00 (6.8) | 27.67 (7.78) | 26.67 (7.02) | 27.08 (6.52) | ||
| MBI_Emotional Exhaustion | ITG | 11.00 (9.21) | 9.69 (6.97) | - | 10.15 (7.36) | 11.36 (5.73) | 13.45 (9.70) | |
| DTG | 16.00 (11.64) | 17.17 (10.17) | 16.21 (7.68) | 15.3 (8.65) | 14.18 (8.81) | 17.33 (11.11) | ||
| MBI_Depersonalization | ITG | 5.85 (4.24) | 5.69 (3.84) | - | 5.08 (4.09) | 5.45 (5.35) | 5.55 (4.18) | |
| DTG | 4.79 (5.18) | 5.33 (3.87) | 4.57 (3.80) | 2.91 (2.39) | 3.42 (3.32) | 3.92 (4.78) | ||
| MBI_Personal accomplishment | ITG | 40.92 (4.92) | 35.15 (6.57) | - | 38.23 (6.37) | 40.00 (3.9) | 36.82 (5.51) | |
| DTG | 38.79 (5.92) | 40.42 (5.07) | 38.57 (7.90) | 40.6 (4.43) | 39.18 (6.6) | 37.42 (6.69) | ||
| IESR_Intrusion | ITG | 23.15 (13.63) | 19.85 (13.56) | - | 15.33 (13.25) | 16.73 (12.64) | 14.27 (11.88) | |
| DTG | 18.5 (9.59) | 20.33 (9.16) | 19.85 (8.22) | 18.45 (13.02) | 15.42 (8.51) | 14.5 (6.97) | ||
| IESR_Avoidance | ITG | 15.08 (7.58) | 13.08 (6.60) | - | 11 (6.78) | 11.36 (6.87) | 9.82 (7.21) | |
| DTG | 11.21 (5.94) | 13.75 (6.31) | 12.79 (4.12) | 10.18 (6.21) | 11.58 (5.43) | 9.75 (4.65) | ||
| EuroQol | ITG | 74.23 (18.13) | 76.54 (17.37) | - | 82.67 (13.61) | 79.55 (15.92) | 81.36 (16.45) | |
| DTG | 77.86 (7.77) | 78.00 (7.51) | 83.75 (7.72) | 86.36 (5.52) | 78.17 (24.48) | 78.33 (14.51) | ||
Note: ITG: Immediate treatment group; DTG: Delayed treatment group; T0: Pre-treatment; T1: Immediate treatment group post-treatment; T2: Delayed treatment group post-treatment; T3: 1-month follow-up; T4: 3-month follow-up; T5: 6-month follow-up; DASS_Stress, DASS_Anxiety, and DASS_Depression: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales dimensions; DERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; Neuroticism and Extraversion: NEO-Five-Factor Personality Inventory dimensions; MBI_Emotional Exhaustion, MBI_Depersonalization, and MBI_Personal accomplishment: Maslach Burnout Inventory dimensions; IESR_Intrusion and IESR_Avoidance: Impact of Event Scale-Revised; and EuroQol: European Quality of Life.