Table 4.
Subject characteristics LEA cases vs. controls.
| Variable | All (n = 310) |
Controls (n = 180) |
LEA-Cases (n = 85) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 27.9 ± 6.9 | 27.0 ± 6.7 | 31.2 ± 7.6 | <0.0001 |
| Age at specialization (years) | 18.1 ± 7.7 (n = 303) | 17.9 ± 7.1 (n = 177) | 21.3 ± 8.6 (n = 77) | 0.0010 |
| Height (cm) | 181.6 ± 7.7 | 182.1 ± 8.4 | 180.5 ± 6.5 | 0.1232 |
| Body mass (kg) | 73.4 ± 10.1 | 74.9 ± 11.0 | 72.1 ± 9.3 | 0.0449 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.0 | 22.5 ± 2.0 | 22.1 ± 2.1 | 0.1256 |
| Weight flux (max min weight) | 9.1 ± 9.5 | 8.9 ± 5.7 | 10.1 ± 6.5 | 0.1390 |
| VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 68.1±7.2 | 67.9 ± 7.1 (n = 129) | 67.9 ± 7.4 (n = 71) | 0.9369 |
| DXA body fat % | 11.9 ± 3.8 | 12.5 ± 3.5 | 12.3 ± 3.7 | 0.6941 |
| DXA FFM (kg) | 64.9 ± 8.7 | 65.7 ± 9.7 | 63.7 ± 7.6 | 0.1050 |
| AP Spine BMD Z-score | −0.01 ± 1.00 (n = 259) | 0.05 ± 1.03 (n = 174) | −0.28 ± 1.01 | 0.0147 |
| Proximal Femur BMD Z-score | 0.35 ± 1.0 (n = 257) | 0.31 ± 0.96 (n = 173) | 0.04 ± 0.92 (n = 84) | 0.0325 |
| BP systolic (mmHg) | 118.6 ± 10.4 (n = 247) | 119.9 ± 10.7 (n = 149) | 116.9 ± 9.7 (n = 76) | 0.0373 |
| BP diastolic (mmHg) | 67.6 ± 7.6 (n = 247) | 68.1 ± 6.5 (n = 149) | 67.3 ± 6.5 (n = 149) | 0.4088 |
| RMR (kJ/kg FFM) | 125.7 ± 16.3 (n = 286) | 130.8 ± 15.1 | 120.1 ± 14.9 (n = 82) | <0.0001 |
| RMRratio | 1.01 ± 0.13 (n = 288) | 1.05 ± 0.12 | 0.95 ± 0.12 (n = 83) | <0.0001 |
| Total testosterone (nmol/L) | 19.8 ± 5.8 (n = 256) | 21.2 ± 5.5 (n = 168) | 17.3 ± 5.5 (n = 83) | <0.0001 |
| Free testosterone (pmol/L) | 425.3 ± 139.1 (n =207) | 456.4 ± 136.2 | 383.7 ± 136.8 | 0.0008 |
| Free testosterone:cortisol ratio | 1.01 ± 0.47 (n = 199) | 1.10 ± 0.46 (n = 127) | 0.87 ± 0.43 (n = 727) | 0.0006 |
| Total testosterone:cortisol ratio | 0.05 ± 0.02 (n = 217) | 0.05 ± 0.02 (n = 139) | 0.04 ± 0.02 (n = 78) | 0.0002 |
| IGF-1 (nmol/L) | 28.7 ± 8.5 (n = 218) | 31.5 ± 8.3 (n = 123) | 24.8 ± 7.5 (n = 75) | <0.0001 |
| T3 (pmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.8 (n = 177) | 5.7 ± 0.5 (n = 104) | 4.9 ± 0.7 (n = 53) | <0.0001 |
| Cortisol (nmol/L) | 461.5 ± 127.5 (n = 217) | 449.0 ±121.9 (n = 139) | 483.9 ± 134.7 (n = 78) | 0.0523 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 24.2 ±10.3 (n = 117) | 26.4 ± 10.9 (n = 61) | 20.8 ± 7.4 (n = 36) | 0.0079 |
| Cortisol:insulin ratio | 22.1 ± 14.5 (n = 95) | 19.3 ± 10.1 (n = 61) | 27.1 ± 14.7 (n = 34) | 0.0031 |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.4 (n = 264) | 5.1 ± 0.5 (n = 168) | 4.9 ± 0.5 (n = 74) | 0.0893 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.9 (n = 241) | 4.5 ± 0.8 (n = 159) | 4.8 ± 0.9 (n = 80) | 0.0292 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.7 ± 0.8 (n = 239) | 2.7 ± 0.7 (n = 159) | 2.9 ± 0.8 (n = 78) | 0.0680 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.3 (n = 240) | 1.4 ± 0.3 (n = 159) | 1.5 ± 0.4 (n = 79) | 0.0303 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 ± 0.3 (n = 241) | 0.94 ± 0.34 (n = 159) | 0.89 ± 0.37 (n = 80) | 0.2783 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, significance set at p < 0.05.