| NW | Normal Weight |
| OW | Over Weight |
| IOM | Institute of Medicine |
| PUFA | Polyunsatured Fatty Acids |
| GWG | Gestational Weight Gain |
| FFQ | Food Frequency Questionnaire |
| LARN | Livelli di Assunzione di Riferimento di Nutrienti ed energia |
| GA | Gestational Age |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| EIP | Energy Intake in Pregnancy |
| PIP | Protein Intake in Pregnancy |
| PAL | Physical Activity Level |
| EIF | Energy Intake for Female |
| PIF | Protein Intake for Female |
| ECP | Energy Cost of Pregnancy |
| PCP | Protein Cost of Pregnancy |