Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Apr 21;23(9):4605. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094605

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Exposition to glyphosate; its main metabolite, AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid); or its commercial formulations induces neurotoxic effects in all studied species. The main modes of action include changes in the development of the nervous system and in the neurotransmission systems, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, processes that lead to neuronal death, and the appearance of behavioral changes. Changes in the structure and function of neurons lead to the development of neuropathology, encephalopathology, and sensory and motor dysfunctions.