Table 3.
Cellular Line | Dose and Time of Exposure | Objectives | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
PC12 cells | GLY: 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mM for 12, 24, 48, or 72 h | Investigate the neurotoxicity of GLY in differentiated rat PC12 cells and explore the role of apoptosis and autophagy pathways in toxicity |
|
[75] |
Hippocampal pyramidal cells | GLY: 0.5 or 1 mg/mL for five or ten days | Examine the effects of glyphosate on synapse formation and maturation in the hippocampus |
|
[74] |
NSC | GLY: 0.1, 700, 7000, or 36,000 μg/L for 24 h | Understand the effects of two maximum permissible concentrations of GLY on the basic processes of neurogenesis in NSCs of the postnatal mouse subventricular zone. |
|
[76] |
Astroglioma (C6) | GLY: concentrations from 0 to 160 mM for 24 h | Determine the activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, as well as parameters of oxidative stress, mitochondrial mass, nuclear area, and autophagy in astrocytes treated with GBH |
|
[77] |
Embryonic DRG and pure Schwann cells | GLY, Roundup®: 0.0005% and 0.005% for ten days (DRG) or 72 h (Schwann cells) | Investigate the effects of pure GLY and GBH in murine embryonic DRG cultures |
|
[78] |
Embryonic DRG and pure Schwann cells | GLY, Roundup®: doses not specified for ten days (DRG) or 72 h (Schwann cells) | Study and compare the effects of pure GLY and GBH in murine embryonic DRG explant cultures |
|
[79] |
Abbreviations: PC-12, pheochromocytoma; GLY, glyphosate; ↓, decrease; NSC, neural stem cells; ↑, increase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; GBH, glyphosate-based herbicide; CK, creatine kinase; DRG, dorsal root ganglia; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; NO, nitric oxide.