Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review.
| No | Author (Year) | Country | Study Design | Participants | Age Range (Years) | Sex (M/F) | Method | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rahman et al., 2020 [17] | Germany | Case-control | MFS: 31 Non-MFS: 31 |
MFS: 8.77 ± 3.72 Non-MFS: 9.77 ± 3.72 |
MFS = M:13; F:18 Non-MFS = M:13; F:18 |
DMFT Caries restoration index Hygiene index |
• Children and adolescents with MFS did not show a higher caries experience compared to a systemically healthy control group. |
| 2 | Laganà et al., 2019 [18] | Italy | Case-control | MFS: 28 Non-MFS: 23 |
MFS: 8.4 ± 2.3 Non-MFS: 8.9 ± 2.9 |
MFS = M:17; F:11 Non-MFS = M:12; F:11 |
Zymography Western immunoblot |
• Indicators of MMP activity included saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). • Periodontal matrix and inflammatory response can be significantly altered by even small variations in MMP-13 activity. |
| 3 | Venza et al., 2019 [19] | Italy | Case-control | MFS: 16 Non-MFS: 20 |
MFS: 9.4 ± 2.3 Non-MFS: 10.0 ± 2.6 |
MFS = M:9; F:7 Non-MFS = M:8; F:12 |
Plaque index Bleeding on probing (BOP) Modified periodontal screening and recording |
• Patients with MFS revealed a higher presence of plaque and consequently a generalized inflammation in the oral cavity. |
| 4 | Hanisch et al., 2018 [20] | Germany | Cross-sectional survey | MFS: 51 | MFS: 42.73 ± 14.50 | MFS = M:17; F:11 | OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) questionnaire | • People with Marfan syndrome had a higher OHIP score than the German general public, and the vast majority of responders reported oral symptoms as a result of the disorder. Female individuals had lower OHIP-14 scores than male participants. |
| 5 | Dolci et al., 2016 [21] | Italy | Case-control | MFS: 49 Non-MFS: 661 |
MFS: 18–60 Non-MFS: matched |
MFS = M:18; F:31 Non-MFS = M:332; F:329 |
50 soft-tissue facial anthropometric landmarks Three-dimensional facial image using a stereophotogrammetric system |
• The mandibular ramus was shorter in 96% of MFS participants compared to non-MFS subjects, and facial divergence was larger in 100% of MFS subjects. |
| 6 | Suzuki et al., 2015 [22] | Japan | Case-control | MFS: 40 Non-MFS: 14 |
MFS: 34.9 ± 2.0 Non-MFS: 32.4 ± 2.2 |
MFS = M:23; F:17 Non-MFS = M:10; F:4 |
Periodontal status, BOP, Pocket depth |
• The MFS patients and the control group had comparable pocket depths and bleeding on probing. MFS patients had a high rate of periodontitis and cardiovascular problems. |
| 7 | Suzuki et al., 2014 [23] | Japan | Case-control | MFS: 47 Non-MFS: 48 |
MFS: 35.2 ± 1.8 Non-MFS: 33.5 ± 0.9 |
MFS = M:29; F:18 Non-MFS = M:29; F:19 |
Periodontal status, BOP, Pocket depth |
• Periodontitis influenced the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in MFS patients. A specific periodontal pathogen might be a crucial therapeutic target to prevent CVD development. |
| 8 | Staufenbiel et al., 2013 [8] | Germany | Case-control | MFS: 51 Non-MFS: 31 |
MFS: 40.20 ± 15.32 Non-MFS: 40.29 ± 13.94 |
MFS = M:21; F:30 Non-MFS = M:14; F:17 |
DMFT Periodontal status, BOP, Pocket depth |
• Due to their overcrowded teeth, MFS patients had a tendency to display greater indicators of inflammation. For this reason, a six-month interval between professional dental cleanings is recommended to minimize the bacterial biofilm in the oral cavity, which in turn reduces the risk of systemic disorders, such as endocarditis. |
| 9 | De Coster et al., 2004 [24] | Belgium | Case-control | MFS: 17 Non-MFS: 32 |
MFS: 31.4 ± 11.4 Non-MFS: matched |
MFS = M:23%; F:77% Non-MFS = M:23%; F:77% |
Lateral cephalometric radiographs Fourteen landmarks |
• The cranial basis, the maxillary complex, the mandible body, and the jaws’ relationship to the cranial base and to each other showed significant disparities in the control group. • In MFS, the palatal height and palatal length were considerably bigger, and the height of the maxilla-alveolar processes was significantly associated to both. |
| 10 | De Coster et al., 2002 [9] | Belgium | Case-control | MFS: 23 Non-MFS: 69 |
MFS: 9–53 Non-MFS: 9–53 |
MFS = M:14; F:9 Non-MFS = M:42; F:27 |
DMFT Gingival index |
• MFS revealed a considerable number of enamel abnormalities, most of which were local hypoplastic spots, which may have been caused by local trauma or infection. MFS patients were more likely to have irregular pulp shape, root deformities, and pulp inclusions, especially when all three occurred together. Gingivitis was substantially worse in the MFS group than in the control group. |
Mean (SD); N/A—not available.