. 2022 May 12;27(19):2100746. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.19.2100746

Table 3. Mycloplasma pneumoniae testing and detection in children/adolescents and females per year, April 2017–March 2021 (n = 154,241 children/adolescents and 285,238 females).

UN region and country	City or region	Test method	April 2017–March 2018						April 2018–March 2019						April 2019–March 2020						April 2020–March 2021 (COVID-19 pandemic)
			Children/ adolescents			Females			Children/ adolescents			Females			Children/ adolescents			Females			Children/ adolescents			Females
			N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%	N	n	%
Europe
Western Europe
France	Bordeaux	PCR	335	9	2.69	236	11	4.66	282	15	5.32	280	11	3.93	272	28	10.29	248	17	6.85	220	2	0.91	193	0	0.00
Switzerland	Geneva	PCR	201	8	3.98	579	17	2.94	301	43	14.29	704	39	5.54	354	45	12.71	392	34	8.67	161	2	1.24	449	3	0.67
	Lausanne	PCR	42	1	2.38	226	5	2.21	18	1	5.56	200	1	0.50	36	4	11.11	325	9	2.77	2	0	0.00	123	0	0.00
	Bern^a	PCR	134	17	12.69	65	8	12.31	175	43	24.57	74	18	24.32	191	29	15.18	78	14	17.95	41	0	0.00	16	0	0.00
	Lucerne^a	PCR	NA	7	NA	NA	3	NA	229	10	4.37	NA	3	NA	215	21	9.77	NA	5	NA	129	1	0.78	NA	1	NA
	Bellinzona	PCR	155	6	3.87	315	2	0.63	471	66	14.01	500	41	8.20	354	22	6.21	661	19	2.87	118	0	0.00	328	0	0.00
	Zurich (A)	PCR	29	2	6.90	NA			43	6	13.95	NA			44	8	18.18	NA			35	1	2.86	NA
	Zurich (B)^a	PCR	104	21	20.19	NA			123	22	17.89	NA			201	54	26.87	NA			1,659	6	0.36	NA
	St. Gallen^a	PCR	20	7	35.00	14	4	28.57	18	5	27.78	12	5	41.67	19	6	31.58	7	3	42.86	8	1	12.50	4	1	25.00
	Aarau	PCR	441	13	2.95	603	14	2.32	392	22	5.61	723	24	3.32	484	26	5.37	891	38	4.26	287	4	1.39	658	6	0.91
		IgM ELISA	25	4	16.00	91	10	10.99	20	8	40.00	99	7	7.07	33	8	24.24	77	10	12.99	16	3	18.75	69	9	13.04
		IgG ELISA	25	3	12.00	91	15	16.48	20	6	30.00	99	19	19.19	33	9	27.27	77	15	19.48	16	1 ^b	6.25	69	18	26.09
	Basel (A)	PCR	4	0	0.00	644	6	0.93	5	0	0.00	937	7	0.75	9	0	0.00	2,201	25	1.14	1	0	0.00	1,251	2	0.16
	Basel (B)^a	PCR	863	10	1.16	404	5	1.24	845	6	0.71	NA	1	NA	1,050	19	1.81	NA	NA	NA	634	6	0.95	NA	NA	NA
Germany	Homburg	PCR	53	2	3.77	NA	4	NA	75	3	4.00	NA	8	NA	111	4	3.60	NA	7	NA	88	0	0.00	NA	1	NA
		IgM ELISA	NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA
		IgG ELISA	NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA
	Düsseldorf	PCR	1,003	21	2.09	618	10	1.62	1,026	16	1.56	649	5	0.77	882	15	1.70	523	6	1.15	621	10	1.61	471	4	0.85
		IgM ELISA	264	12	4.55	179	9	5.03	246	36	14.63	173	24	13.87	246	52	21.14	182	37	20.33	253	47	18.58	161	29	18.01
		IgG ELISA	307	168	54.72	237	142	59.92	255	141	55.29	187	118	63.10	226	98	43.36	174	96	55.17	238	132	55.46	157	103^b	65.61
		IgA ELISA	NA			NA			120	36	30.00	80	26	32.50	226	37	16.37	174	46	26.44	237	17^b	7.17	156	24	15.38
	Saxony	PCR or serology	NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA			NA
Belgium	Antwerp, Leuven (national reference laboratory)	PCR	748	16	2.14	1,132	17	1.50	208	4	1.92	486	9	1.85	240	15	6.25	510	17	3.33	100	2	2.00	356	0	0.00
Belgium	National surveillance	Direct test methods (different techniques)	NA	740	NA	NA	639	NA	NA	362	NA	NA	285	NA	NA	493	NA	NA	433	NA	NA	86^b	NA	NA	140^b	NA
The Netherlands	Rotterdam	PCR	NA			NA			47	11	23.40	119	22	18.49	89	26	29.21	163	23	14.11	54	12	22.22	176	19	10.80
Northern Europe
England	National reference laboratory	PCR	39	8	20.51	63	7	11.11	34	2	5.88	45	9	20.00	84	51	60.71	102	50	49.02	58	7	12.07	49	5	10.20
Denmark	National surveillance	PCR	15,879	2,374	14.95	55,874	2,843	5.09	9,121	515	5.65	44,132	768	1.74	14,307	1,854	12.96	55,356	2,374	4.29	2,650	68	2.57	27,693	83	0.30
Finland	Turku	PCR or serology	NA			NA			NA			NA			1,488	138	9.27	NA			804	51	6.34	NA
Finland	National surveillance	PCR or serology	NA			NA	1,344	NA	NA			NA	997	NA	NA			NA	699	NA	NA			NA	265	NA
Norway	Trondheim	PCR	3,306	230	6.96	1,556	113	7.26	2,330	56	2.40	1,041	26	2.50	2,014	48	2.38	920	22	2.39	1,263	0	0.00	486	0	0.00
Southern Europe
Portugal	Coimbra^a	PCR	803	5	0.62	374	4	1.07	924	90	9.74	460	38	8.26	1,084	19	1.75	469	8	1.71	161	0	0.00	69	0	0.00
Greece	Athens (A)^a	IgM ELISA	212	19	8.96	92	9	9.78	236	51	21.61	125	32	25.60	250	65	26.00	118	28	23.73	167	35	20.96	73	15	20.55
	Athens (A)^a	IgG ELISA	212	44	20.75	92	19	20.65	236	29	12.29	125	13	10.40	250	37	14.80	118	16	13.56	167	41	24.55	73	19	26.03
	Athens (B)^a	IgM ELISA	185	9	4.86	90	3	3.33	181	15	8.29	87	6	6.90	231	27	11.69	106	14	13.21	172	14	8.14	90	8	8.89
	Athens (B)^a	IgG ELISA	185	59	31.89	90	25	27.78	181	88	48.62	87	46	52.87	231	92	39.83	106	46	43.40	172	44	25.58	90	20	22.22
Slovenia	Ljubljana	PCR	530	19	3.58	708	7	0.99	745	119	15.97	857	75	8.75	1,326	402	30.32	1,382	218	15.77	320	14	4.38	528	8	1.52
Asia
Western Asia
Israel	Jerusalem	PCR	256	17	6.64	573	19	3.32	337	39	11.57	610	33	5.41	364	29	7.97	760	25	3.29	216	0	0.00	275	0	0.00
Eastern Asia
Japan	Kurashiki City (Okayama)^a	PCR	30	4	13.33	16	2	12.50	64	14	21.88	26	5	19.23	34	3	8.82	15	1	6.67	5	0	0.00	5	0	0.00
Japan	Tokyo	Rapid antigen test	25	NA	NA	52	33	63.46	80	25	31.25	60	9	15.00	420	22	5.24	180	14	7.78	60	3	5.00	60	1	1.67
Taiwan	Taoyuan^a	PCR	116	20	17.24	56	11	19.64	159	63	39.62	77	31	40.26	204	131	64.22	113	71	62.83	44	5	11.36	16	0^b	0.00
South-eastern Asia
Singapore	Singapore^a	PCR	4,212	387	9.19	NA			8,765	307	3.50	NA			15,860	613	3.87	NA			8,835	33	0.37	NA
South Asia
India	New Delhi	IgM ELISA	159	12	7.55	30	7	23.33	207	7	3.38	105	8	7.62	113	14	12.39	67	7	10.45	84	13	15.48	49	5	10.20
America
Northern America
United States	Chicago^a	PCR	3,818	10	0.26	1,892	3	0.16	3,873	21	0.54	1,814	15	0.83	4,653	39	0.84	2,258	21	0.93	1,589	2	0.13	735	0	0.00
Caribbean
Cuba	National surveillance	PCR	535	12	2.24	398	6	1.51	38	1	2.63	25	0	0.00	497	15	3.02	385	6	1.56	0	NA	NA	0	NA	NA
Oceania
Australia	Darlinghurst (Sydney)	PCR	3,975	35	0.88	8,303	36	0.43	3,050	30	0.98	6,241	22	0.35	4,784	111	2.32	11,242	82	0.73	9,487	10	0.11	36,408	10	0.03
New Zealand	Auckland	PCR	154	11	7.14	252	10	3.97	167	8	4.79	475	13	2.74	226	22	9.73	401	21	5.24	561	3	0.53	1,219	3	0.25

COVID-19: coronavirus disease; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Ig: immunoglobulin; NA: not available; UN: United Nations.

^a ≥ 90% of data are from children and adolescents < 18 years of age.

^b Statistically significant difference in proportions of children/adolescents or females with positive tests between April 2020 and March 2021 and between April 2017 and March 2020 (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05).

For serology only total test numbers of IgM considered. Entries in italics signify serological data (± PCR).

Table 3. Mycloplasma pneumoniae testing and detection in children/adolescents and females per year, April 2017–March 2021 (n = 154,241 children/adolescents and 285,238 females).

Table 3. Mycloplasma pneumoniae testing and detection in children/adolescents and females per year, April 2017–March 2021 (n = 154,241 children/adolescents and 285,238 females).