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. 2022 May 12;27(19):2100746. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.19.2100746

Table 3. Mycloplasma pneumoniae testing and detection in children/adolescents and females per year, April 2017–March 2021 (n = 154,241 children/adolescents and 285,238 females).

UN region and country City or region Test method April 2017–March 2018 April 2018–March 2019 April 2019–March 2020 April 2020–March 2021
(COVID-19 pandemic)
Children/
adolescents
Females Children/
adolescents
Females Children/
adolescents
Females Children/
adolescents
Females
N n % N n % N n % N n % N n % N n % N n % N n %
Europe
Western Europe
France Bordeaux PCR 335 9 2.69 236 11 4.66 282 15 5.32 280 11 3.93 272 28 10.29 248 17 6.85 220 2 0.91 193 0 0.00
Switzerland Geneva PCR 201 8 3.98 579 17 2.94 301 43 14.29 704 39 5.54 354 45 12.71 392 34 8.67 161 2 1.24 449 3 0.67
Lausanne PCR 42 1 2.38 226 5 2.21 18 1 5.56 200 1 0.50 36 4 11.11 325 9 2.77 2 0 0.00 123 0 0.00
Berna PCR 134 17 12.69 65 8 12.31 175 43 24.57 74 18 24.32 191 29 15.18 78 14 17.95 41 0 0.00 16 0 0.00
Lucernea PCR NA 7 NA NA 3 NA 229 10 4.37 NA 3 NA 215 21 9.77 NA 5 NA 129 1 0.78 NA 1 NA
Bellinzona PCR 155 6 3.87 315 2 0.63 471 66 14.01 500 41 8.20 354 22 6.21 661 19 2.87 118 0 0.00 328 0 0.00
Zurich (A) PCR 29 2 6.90 NA 43 6 13.95 NA 44 8 18.18 NA 35 1 2.86 NA
Zurich (B)a PCR 104 21 20.19 NA 123 22 17.89 NA 201 54 26.87 NA 1,659 6 0.36 NA
St. Gallena PCR 20 7 35.00 14 4 28.57 18 5 27.78 12 5 41.67 19 6 31.58 7 3 42.86 8 1 12.50 4 1 25.00
Aarau PCR 441 13 2.95 603 14 2.32 392 22 5.61 723 24 3.32 484 26 5.37 891 38 4.26 287 4 1.39 658 6 0.91
IgM ELISA 25 4 16.00 91 10 10.99 20 8 40.00 99 7 7.07 33 8 24.24 77 10 12.99 16 3 18.75 69 9 13.04
IgG ELISA 25 3 12.00 91 15 16.48 20 6 30.00 99 19 19.19 33 9 27.27 77 15 19.48 16 1 b 6.25 69 18 26.09
Basel (A) PCR 4 0 0.00 644 6 0.93 5 0 0.00 937 7 0.75 9 0 0.00 2,201 25 1.14 1 0 0.00 1,251 2 0.16
Basel (B)a PCR 863 10 1.16 404 5 1.24 845 6 0.71 NA 1 NA 1,050 19 1.81 NA NA NA 634 6 0.95 NA NA NA
Germany Homburg PCR 53 2 3.77 NA 4 NA 75 3 4.00 NA 8 NA 111 4 3.60 NA 7 NA 88 0 0.00 NA 1 NA
IgM ELISA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
IgG ELISA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Düsseldorf PCR 1,003 21 2.09 618 10 1.62 1,026 16 1.56 649 5 0.77 882 15 1.70 523 6 1.15 621 10 1.61 471 4 0.85
IgM ELISA 264 12 4.55 179 9 5.03 246 36 14.63 173 24 13.87 246 52 21.14 182 37 20.33 253 47 18.58 161 29 18.01
IgG ELISA 307 168 54.72 237 142 59.92 255 141 55.29 187 118 63.10 226 98 43.36 174 96 55.17 238 132 55.46 157 103b 65.61
IgA ELISA NA NA 120 36 30.00 80 26 32.50 226 37 16.37 174 46 26.44 237 17b 7.17 156 24 15.38
Saxony PCR or serology NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Belgium Antwerp, Leuven (national reference laboratory) PCR 748 16 2.14 1,132 17 1.50 208 4 1.92 486 9 1.85 240 15 6.25 510 17 3.33 100 2 2.00 356 0 0.00
National surveillance Direct test methods (different techniques) NA 740 NA NA 639 NA NA 362 NA NA 285 NA NA 493 NA NA 433 NA NA 86b NA NA 140b NA
The Netherlands Rotterdam PCR NA NA 47 11 23.40 119 22 18.49 89 26 29.21 163 23 14.11 54 12 22.22 176 19 10.80
Northern Europe
England National reference laboratory PCR 39 8 20.51 63 7 11.11 34 2 5.88 45 9 20.00 84 51 60.71 102 50 49.02 58 7 12.07 49 5 10.20
Denmark National surveillance PCR 15,879 2,374 14.95 55,874 2,843 5.09 9,121 515 5.65 44,132 768 1.74 14,307 1,854 12.96 55,356 2,374 4.29 2,650 68 2.57 27,693 83 0.30
Finland Turku PCR or serology NA NA NA NA 1,488 138 9.27 NA 804 51 6.34 NA
National surveillance PCR or serology NA NA 1,344 NA NA NA 997 NA NA NA 699 NA NA NA 265 NA
Norway Trondheim PCR 3,306 230 6.96 1,556 113 7.26 2,330 56 2.40 1,041 26 2.50 2,014 48 2.38 920 22 2.39 1,263 0 0.00 486 0 0.00
Southern Europe
Portugal Coimbraa PCR 803 5 0.62 374 4 1.07 924 90 9.74 460 38 8.26 1,084 19 1.75 469 8 1.71 161 0 0.00 69 0 0.00
Greece Athens (A)a IgM ELISA 212 19 8.96 92 9 9.78 236 51 21.61 125 32 25.60 250 65 26.00 118 28 23.73 167 35 20.96 73 15 20.55
IgG ELISA 212 44 20.75 92 19 20.65 236 29 12.29 125 13 10.40 250 37 14.80 118 16 13.56 167 41 24.55 73 19 26.03
Athens (B)a IgM ELISA 185 9 4.86 90 3 3.33 181 15 8.29 87 6 6.90 231 27 11.69 106 14 13.21 172 14 8.14 90 8 8.89
IgG ELISA 185 59 31.89 90 25 27.78 181 88 48.62 87 46 52.87 231 92 39.83 106 46 43.40 172 44 25.58 90 20 22.22
Slovenia Ljubljana PCR 530 19 3.58 708 7 0.99 745 119 15.97 857 75 8.75 1,326 402 30.32 1,382 218 15.77 320 14 4.38 528 8 1.52
Asia
Western Asia
Israel Jerusalem PCR 256 17 6.64 573 19 3.32 337 39 11.57 610 33 5.41 364 29 7.97 760 25 3.29 216 0 0.00 275 0 0.00
Eastern Asia
Japan Kurashiki City (Okayama)a PCR 30 4 13.33 16 2 12.50 64 14 21.88 26 5 19.23 34 3 8.82 15 1 6.67 5 0 0.00 5 0 0.00
Tokyo Rapid antigen test 25 NA NA 52 33 63.46 80 25 31.25 60 9 15.00 420 22 5.24 180 14 7.78 60 3 5.00 60 1 1.67
Taiwan Taoyuana PCR 116 20 17.24 56 11 19.64 159 63 39.62 77 31 40.26 204 131 64.22 113 71 62.83 44 5 11.36 16 0b 0.00
South-eastern Asia
Singapore Singaporea PCR 4,212 387 9.19 NA 8,765 307 3.50 NA 15,860 613 3.87 NA 8,835 33 0.37 NA
South Asia
India New Delhi IgM ELISA 159 12 7.55 30 7 23.33 207 7 3.38 105 8 7.62 113 14 12.39 67 7 10.45 84 13 15.48 49 5 10.20
America
Northern America
United States Chicagoa PCR 3,818 10 0.26 1,892 3 0.16 3,873 21 0.54 1,814 15 0.83 4,653 39 0.84 2,258 21 0.93 1,589 2 0.13 735 0 0.00
Caribbean
Cuba National surveillance PCR 535 12 2.24 398 6 1.51 38 1 2.63 25 0 0.00 497 15 3.02 385 6 1.56 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
Oceania
Australia Darlinghurst
(Sydney)
PCR 3,975 35 0.88 8,303 36 0.43 3,050 30 0.98 6,241 22 0.35 4,784 111 2.32 11,242 82 0.73 9,487 10 0.11 36,408 10 0.03
New Zealand Auckland PCR 154 11 7.14 252 10 3.97 167 8 4.79 475 13 2.74 226 22 9.73 401 21 5.24 561 3 0.53 1,219 3 0.25

COVID-19: coronavirus disease; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Ig: immunoglobulin; NA: not available; UN: United Nations.

a ≥ 90% of data are from children and adolescents < 18 years of age.

b Statistically significant difference in proportions of children/adolescents or females with positive tests between April 2020 and March 2021 and between April 2017 and March 2020 (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05).

For serology only total test numbers of IgM considered. Entries in italics signify serological data (± PCR).