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. 2022 May 12;27(19):2100746. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.19.2100746

Table 4. Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae testing and detection rates per year, April 2017–March 2021 (n = 784).

UN region and country City or region Macrolide resistance determination (reference) April 2017–March 2018 April 2018–March 2019 April 2019–March 2020 April 2020–March 2021
(COVID-19 pandemic)
Difference in detection rate (%)
pre-pandemic vs COVID-19 pandemica
P b
Total tests (N) Positive tests (n) Detection rate (%) Total tests (N) Positive tests (n) Detection rate (%) Total tests (N) Positive tests (n) Detection rate (%) Total tests (N) Positive tests (n) Detection rate (%)
Europe
Western Europe
France Bordeaux [48] 10 0 0.00 15 2 13.33 30 3 10.00 3 0 0.00 –100.00 1.00
Switzerland Zurich (A + Bc)d [50] 0 NA NA 2 2 100.00 10 7 70.00 3 1 33.33 55.56 0.24
Belgium Antwerp, Leuven (national reference laboratory) [48] 26 1 3.85 15 0 0.00 30 0 0.00 2 0 0.00 –100.00 1.00
England National reference laboratorye [55] 19 3 15.79 11 0 0.00 104 1 0.96 6 0 0.00 –100.00 1.00
Asia
Eastern Asia
Japan National surveillance [58] 103 20 19.42 97 5 5.15 124 18 14.52 8 0 0.00 –100.00 0.60
Taiwan Taoyuan c [59] 10 6 60.00 53 42 79.25 80 62 77.50 0 NA NA NA NA
America
Caribbean
Cuba National surveillance [60] 14 2 14.29 0 NA NA 9 2 22.22 0 NA NA NA NA

COVID-19: coronavirus disease; SD: standard deviation; MRMp: macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae; NA: not applicable; UN: United Nations.

a Difference in detection rate between April 2017 and March 2020 (mean positive/total tests across the 3 years) and April 2020 and March 2021 (absolute number positive/total tests). Percentages showing a reduction in detection rate are indicated in bold.

b Proportions of positive/total tests from April 2020 to March 2021 were compared with total numbers from April 2017 to March 2020 by Fisher's exact test.

c ≥ 90% of data are from children and adolescents < 18 years of age.

d Macrolide resistance determination only upon physician's request in case of clinically suspected MRMp infection. Data reported for both sites from Zurich (A + B).

e Period of enhanced surveillance from 1 October 2019 to 30 March 2020.

Entries in italics signify macrolide resistance determination only upon physician’s request in case of clinically suspected MRMp infection.