Table 2. Characteristics of children with severe hepatitis or paediatric acute liver failure by cause, ERN RARE-LIVER survey, 1 January–26 April 2022 (n = 64).
| Baseline characteristics | All children (mean, range) n = 64 |
Cause identified (mean, range) n = 11 |
Possible cause identified (mean, range) n = 27 |
No cause identified (mean, range) n = 26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex female vs male | 28 vs 35 (1 missing) |
5 vs 6 | 17 vs 9 (1 missing) |
13 vs 13 |
| Age | 7.7 years (28 days–16 years) | 5.5 years (28 days–16 years) | 5.8 years (66 days–16 years) (2 missing) | 5.8 years (56 days–16 years |
| Admission to clinic | 64 | 11 | 27 | 26 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| ALT (U/L)a | 2,871 (90–16,686) | 1,115 (90–6,350) | 3,640 (100–16,686) | 2,736 (515–9,000) |
| Bilirubin (µmol/L)a | 100 (0–470) | 106 (1–534) | 107 (0–470) | 88 (4–468) |
| INRa | 2.98 (0.89–16.70) | 3.18 (1.13–7.00) | 3.49 (1.00–16.70) | 2.29 (0.96–6.70) |
| NH3 | 104 (26–472) | 95 (45–215) | 105 (26–266) | 108 (27–472) |
| Viruses detected | 13 | 2 (enterovirus, EBV) | 9 patients, multiple viruses (4 adenovirus, 4 SARS-CoV-2, 1 rotavirus, 1 influenza A virus, 2 EBV)b | 2 (rotavirus, influenza A virus) |
| Active SARS-CoV-2 infection at admission (n, %) | 3 (5%) | 0 | 3 (11%) | 0 |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated (n, %) | 5 (3 missing data) (8%) | 0 (2 missing data) | 4 (1 missing data) | 1 |
EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; INR: international normalised ratio; NH3: ammonia; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
a Highest value selected.
b Co-infection in one patient with rotavirus, adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2. Another patient with EBV and adenovirus.