Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of variables.
| Items | Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Workplace Loneliness: Emotional Deprivation | |
| ED1 I often feel abandoned by my co-workers when I am under pressure at work | 2.75 ± 1.49 |
| ED2 I often feel alienated from my co-workers | 2.80 ± 1.49 |
| ED3 I feel myself with drawing from the people I work with | 2.75 ± 1.49 |
| ED4 I often feel emotionally distant from the people I work with | 3.05 ± 1.46 |
| ED5 I often feel isolated when I am with my co-workers | 2.83 ± 1.42 |
| ED6 I often feel disconnected from others at work | 2.89 ± 1.47 |
| ED7 I experience a general sense of emptiness when I am at work | 3.14 ± 1.54 |
| Workplace Loneliness: Lack of Social Companionship | |
| SC1 I have social companionship/fellowship at work | 3.05 ± 1.21 |
| SC2 There is someone at work I can talk to about my day to day work problems if I need to | 2.77 ± 1.18 |
| SC3 I have someone at work I can spend time with on my breaks if I want to | 3.18 ± 1.39 |
| SC4 I feel part of a group of friends at work | 2.99 ± 1.18 |
| SC5 There are people at work who take the trouble to listen to me | 3.05 ± 1.24 |
| Psychological Detachment | |
| PD1 During my nonwork time I forget about work | 3.57 ± 1.60 |
| PD2 During my nonwork time I don’t think about work at all | 3.42 ± 1.55 |
| PD3 During my nonwork time I distance myself from my work | 3.71 ± 1.59 |
| PD4 During my nonwork time I get a break from the demands of work | 3.07 ± 1.53 |
| Emotional Exhaustion | |
| EE1 I feel used up at the end of the workday | 4.64 ± 1.41 |
| EE2 I feel fatigued when I get up in the morning and have to begin a day | 3.96 ± 1.44 |
| EE3 Working with people all day is really a strain for me | 3.78 ± 1.46 |
| EE4 I feel burned out from my job | 4.01 ± 1.45 |
| EE5 I feel frustrated by my job | 3.87 ± 1.54 |
| EE6 I feel I’m working too hard on my job | 3.78 ± 1.49 |
| EE7 Working with people directly puts too much stress on me | 3.34 ± 1.50 |
Note: (1) SD—standard deviation; (2) ED—emotional deprivation; SC—lack of social companionship; PD—psychological detachment; EE—emotional exhaustion.