Table 1.
DASS-42 stress, PCS-catastrophism, and PSQI-sleep scores; sensitivity to pain; and magnesium levels at baseline and all visits, following supplementation with Mg-Teadiola versus placebo.
| Visit 2 (Baseline) | Visit 3 (Day 14) | Visit 4 (Day 28) | Visit 5 (Day 56) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mg-Teadiola n = 49 |
Placebo n = 51 |
Mg-Teadiola n = 49 |
Placebo n = 51 |
ES (95%CI), p-Value |
Mg-Teadiola n = 49 |
Placebo n = 51 |
ES (95%CI), p-Value |
Mg-Teadiola n = 49 |
Placebo n = 51 |
ES (95%CI), p-Value |
|
| DASS stress | 26.3 ± 6.7 | 26.8 ± 8.0 | 20.7 ± 6.9 | 23.8 ± 8.4 | −0.40 (−0.68; −0.11), 0.006 | 17.6 ± 7.3 | 20.1 ± 9.4 | −0.29 (−0.57; −0.01), 0.04 | 17.6 ± 7.3 | 20.5 ± 9.8 | −0.34 (−0.62; −0.06], 0.02 |
| DASS anxiety | 14.2 ± 7.8 | 14.1 ± 8.1 | 11.1 ± 6.7 | 10.6 ± 7.2 | 0.07 (−0.21; 0.35), 0.61 | 9.1 ± 6.8 | 9.2 ± 7.7 | −0.02 (−0.30; 0.26), 0.90 | 8.5 ± 6.7 | 8.8 ± 7.6 | −0.05 (−0.33; 0.23) 0.75 |
| DASS depression | 13.4 ± 10.2 | 13.4 ± 8.4 | 9.0 ± 8.7 | 8.3 ± 6.9 | −0.06 (−0.34; 0.22), 0.68 | 7.0 ± 6.7 | 7.1 ± 6.3 | −0.14 (−0.43; 0.13), 0.31 | 7.5 ± 8.4 | 6.8 ± 6.7 | −0.05 (−0.33; 0.23), 0.70 |
| PCS | 16.9 ± 9.9 | 15.3 ± 10.9 | 14.5 ± 10.0 | 14.0 ± 10.6 | −0.07 (−0.35; 0.21), 0.62 | 13.0 ± 10.8 | 12.6 ± 10.5 | −0.08 (−0.36; 0.20), 0.57 | 12.5 ± 11.2 | 12.7 ± 10.6 | −0.14 (−0.42; 0.14), 0.34 |
| Rumination | 6.0 ± 4.1 | 5.6 ± 4.6 | 5.2 ± 4.1 | 4.9 ± 4.1 | 0.02 (−0.26; 0.30), 0.90 | 4.3 ± 3.8 | 4.5 ± 4.3 | −0.08 (−0.36; 0.20), 0.57 | 3.8 ± 3.9 | 4.2 ± 3.8 | −0.15 (−0.43; 0.13), 0.30 |
| Magnification | 4.6 ± 2.7 | 4.1 ± 2.9 | 3.6 ± 2.7 | 3.8 ± 2.9 | −0.19 (−0.47; 0.09), 0.19 | 3.4 ± 3.0 | 3.4 ± 2.6 | −0.10 (−0.38; 0.18), 0.49 | 3.4 ± 3.1 | 3.5 ± 2.8 | −0.11 (−0.39; 0.17), 0.44 |
| Helplessness | 6.3 ± 4.7 | 5.6 ± 5.0 | 5.7 ± 4.3 | 5.3 ± 5.1 | −0.02 (−0.30; 0.26), 0.87 | 5.3 ± 4.9 | 4.8 ± 5.1 | 0.00 (−0.28; 0.28), 0.99 | 5.3 ± 5.1 | 5.1 ± 5.1 | −0.07 (−0.35; 0.21), 0.61 |
| PSQI-sleep | 7.2 ± 2.5 | 7.8 ± 2.9 | 6.3 ± 2.4 | 7.0 ± 3.1 | −0.14 (−0.42; 0.14), 0.33 | 5.6 ± 2.6 | 6.2 ± 3.1 | −0.10 (−0.38; 0.18), 0.49 | 5.3 ± 2.4 | 3.2 ± 3.1 | −0.07 (−0.35; 0.21), 0.63 |
| Component 1 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | −0.07 (−0.35; 0.21), 0.64 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | −0.02 (−0.30; 0.26), 0.90 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | −0.01 (−0.28; 0.28), 0.99 |
| Component 2 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | −0.14 (−0.42; 0.14), 0.33 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | −0.15 (−0.43; 0.14), 0.31 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | −0.09 (−0.37; 0.20), 0.55 |
| Component 3 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | −0.05 (−0.33; 0.23), 0.74 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.21 (−0.07; 0.49), 0.14 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.15 (−0.13; 0.43), 0.30 |
| Component 4 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | −0.20 (−0.48; 0.08), 0.17 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | −0.10 (−0.38; 0.18), 0.50 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.05 (−0.23; 0.33), 0.72 |
| Component 5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.07 (−0.21; 0.35), 0.63 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | −0.02 (−0.30; 0.26), 0.88 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.22 (−0.06; 0.50), 0.13 |
| Component 6 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | −0.17 (−0.45; 0.11), 0.23 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | −0.12 (−0.40; 0.16), 0.39 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | −0.02 (−0.30; 0.26), 0.88 |
| Component 7 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | −0.03 (−0.31; 0.25), 0.85 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | −0.27 (−0.55; 0.01), 0.06 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | −0.54 (−0.82; −0.26), <0.001 |
| Pain, QST, °C | Data not collected | Data not collected | |||||||||
| Warm sensibility | 34.0 ± 1.3 | 33.5 ± 0.7 | 33.8 ± 0.8 | 33.9 ± 1.2 | −0.07 (−0.35; 0.21), 0.61 | ||||||
| Cold sensibility | 30.8 ± 1.1 | 31.0 ± 0.7 | 30.7 ± 0.9 | 30.6 ± 1.2 | 0.17 (−0.11, 0.45), 0.22 | ||||||
| Warm pain | 42.5 ± 3.7 | 42.5 ± 3.5 | 43.2 ± 3.2 | 42.2 ± 2.9 | 0.27 (−0.01; 0.55), 0.06 | ||||||
| Cold pain | 17.3 ± 10.7 | 18.0 ± 9.9 | 15.6 ± 10.3 | 19.9 ± 9.3 | −0.36 (−0.64; −0.08), 0.01 | ||||||
| Concentration of Mg | |||||||||||
| Plasma, mmol/L | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.87 ± 0.06 | 0.08 (−0.33; 0.48), 0.71 | 0.87 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | −0.26 (−0.14; 0.66), 0.20 | 0.88 ± 0.06 | 0.88 ± 0.05 | −0.02 (−0.41; 0.38), 0.94 |
| Urine, mmol/24 h | 3.77 ± 1.45 | 3.55 ± 1.37 | 3.97 ± 1.71 | 3.48 ± 1.31 | 0.32 (−0.08; 0.72), 0.12 | 4.00 ± 1.59 | 3.52 ± 1.36 | 0.32 (−0.07; 0.72), 0.11 | 3.51 ± 1.36 | 3.54 ± 1.68 | 0.32 (−0.08; 0.72), 0.92 |
Values are mean+/− SD unless otherwise stated. Significant p-values are in bold. PSQI component 1: subjective sleep quality; PSQI component 2: sleep latency; PSQI component 3: sleep duration; PSQI component 4: habitual sleep efficiency; PSQI component 5: sleep disturbances; PSQI component 6: use of sleeping medication; PSQI component 7: daytime dysfunction; QST, Quantitative Somatosensory Thermotest. DASS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; ES, effect size; Mg, magnesium; Mg-Teadiola, combination of 150 mg Mg, 0.7 mg vitamin B6, 0.1 mg vitamin B9, and 1.25 µg vitamin B12, + 222 mg of rhodiola extract and 125 mg of green tea extract including 50 mg of L-theanine; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index.