Table 1.

Traditional uses of Cornus fruits species.

	Traditional Use	Country	Reference
C. mas	Immune system strengthening	Serbia	[21]
	Fever	Albania	[22]
		Iran	[17]
		Slovakia	[15]
		Romania	[23]
	Tuberculosis digestive	Greece	[24]
	Cholera	Armenia	[25]
	Measles, chicken pox	Azerbaijan, Russia	[12,14]
	Vermifuge	Romania	[23]
	Malaria	Iran	[17]
	Cancer	Iran	[17]
	Headache	Croatia	[22]
	Sore throat	Azerbaijan, Russia	[12,14]
	Colds and flu	Turkey	[26]
	Asthmatic problems	Albania	[22]
	Cough	Turkey	[27]
	Bronchitis	Turkey	[28]
	Gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation	Turkey	[18]
		Greece	[24]
		Slovakia	[15]
		Albania	[22]
		Serbia	[21]
		Azerbaijan, Russia	[12,14]
	Bowel disease	Iran	[17]
	Stomach ulcers and colitis	Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and Turkey	[12,13,14]
	Dyspepsia and colitis	Italy	[29]
	Diarrhoea	Iran	[17]
		Serbia	[30,31]
		Romania	[23]
		Azerbaijan	[32]
		Bosnia-Herzegovina	[33]
	Laxative	Serbia	[30]
		Turkey	[34]
	Urinary inflammation	Iran	[17]
		Turkey	[26]
	Excessive urination	USA	[35]
	Kidney function	China	[36]
	Kidney infection	Iran	[17]
	Kidney stones	Albania	[37]
		Iran	[17]
	Sweating	USA	[35]
	Wound healing	Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia and Turkey	[12,13,14]
	Skin diseases	Greece	[24]
		Bosnia-Herzegovina	[33]
	Sunstroke	Iran	[17]
	Bruises	Croatia	[22]
	Anaemia	Kosova	[38]
		Greece	[24]
		Serbia	[21]
		Azerbaijan, Russia	[12,14]
	Blood circulation	Kosova	[38]
	Menstrual bleeding	USA	[35]
		Greece	[24]
		Bosnia-Herzegovina	[33]
		Kosova	[38]
		China	[39]
	Rheumatism	Kosova	[38]
		Albania	[37]
	Rickets	Azerbaijan, Russia	[12,14]
	Gout	Greece	[24]
	Appetizer	Italy	[40]
	Obesity	Croatia	[22]
	Diabetes	Ukraine, Russia	[41]
	Cosmetics to exert favourable human complexion	Italy	[42]
C. sanguinea	Diarrhoea	Turkey	[19]
	Gastrointestinal disorders	Turkey	[20]
	Stomachaches, sore eyes	Turkey	[20]
	Sore throats	Turkey	[20]
	Astringent	Italy	[40]
C. officinalis	Dizziness	China	[43]
	Glaucoma	China	[44]
	Cataract	China	[44]
	Tinnitus	China	[43,44]
	Sore throat	China	[44]
	Astringent	China	[44]
	Cough	China	[44]
	Asthmatic problems	China	[44]
	Strengthening spleen and kidney	China	[44]
	Excessive urination and polydipsia	China	[9]
	Chronic nephritis	China	[44]
	Kidney and liver function, tonic	China	[8]
	Menstrual bleeding	China	[45]
	Diabetes	China	[44]
	Weakness of the waist, knees	China	[43]
	Arresting seminal emission	China	[44]
	Impotence	China	[44]
	Spermatorrhoea	China	[9]
	Night sweats	China	[44]
	Threatened abortion	China	[44]
C. controversa	Astringent Tonic	Korea and China	[46]
C. kousa	Diarrhoea Haemostatic agent	Korea Korea	[47] [47]