Table 6.
The main iridoids of Cornus fruits.
| Chemical Constituent | Other Name | C. officinalis | C. mas | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aglycons | ||||
| Dehydro-morroniside aglycone | ✓ | [60,64] | ||
| (3S, 4R, 5S, 7S, 8R, 9R) Cornusfural A (with a 5-hydroxymethylfurfural group at C-3) | ✓ | [97] | ||
| (3R, 4R, 5S, 7S, 8R, 9R) Cornusfural B (with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural group at C-3) | ✓ | [97] | ||
| (1R, 3R, 4R, 5S, 7S, 8S, and 9R). Cornusfural C (with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural group at C-1 and C-3) | ✓ | [97] | ||
| Other iridoids | ||||
| Catalposide | ✓ | [67] | ||
| Cornuside | ✓ | ✓ | [8,52,60,82,98] | |
| 3′′,5′′-Dehydroxycornuside | ✓ | [99] | ||
| Demethoxycornuside | ✓ | [100] | ||
| Kingiside | ✓ | [60] | ||
| 2′-O-p-Coumaroyl-kingiside | ✓ | [51,101] | ||
| Loganin | ✓ | ✓ | [8,52,82,98] | |
| Loganin acid | ✓ | ✓ | [8,52,82,102] | |
| 7-O-Methylloganic acid | ✓ | [103] | ||
| Loganin-7-O-1′-malate | Logmalicid A | ✓ | [8] | |
| Loganin-7-O-4′-malate | Logmalicid B | ✓ | [8] | |
| 2ʹ-O-p-Coumaroylloganin | ✓ | [51] | ||
| 8-Epiloganin | ✓ | [104] | ||
| Secoxyloganin | ✓ | [8,60] | ||
| Secologanoside | ✓ | [60,100] | ||
| Secoxyloganin | Loniceroside [105] | ✓ | [100] | |
| Sweroside | ✓ | ✓ | [52,82,106] | |
| Swertiamarin | ✓ | [107,108] | ||
| Verbenalin | Cornin * | ✓ | [64,101] | |
| Morronisides | ||||
| 7-α-Morroniside | ✓ | [105] | ||
| 7-β-Morroniside | ✓ | [105] | ||
| 7-α-O-methyl-morroniside | ✓ | [100] | ||
| 7-β-O-Methyl-morroniside | ✓ | [64,100,105] | ||
| 7-α-O-Ethyl-morroniside | ✓ | [64] | ||
| 7-β-O-Ethyl-morroniside | ✓ | [64] | ||
| 7-O-Butyl-morroniside | ✓ | [64,109] | ||
| 7-β-O-Dimethyl butanedioate morroniside | ✓ | [85] | ||
| 7-α-O-Ethyl-4′,6′-O-(2′″hydroxymethylfuran 5″methylidene)-morroniside | Cornusfuroside A | ✓ | [110] | |
| 7-β-O-Ethyl-4′,6′-O-(2′″hydroxymethylfuran 5″methylidene)-morroniside | Cornusfuroside B (isomer 1″S) | ✓ | [110] | |
| 7-β-O-Ethyl-4′,6′-O-(2′″hydroxymethylfuran-5″methylidene)-morroniside | Cornusfuroside C(isomer 1″R) | ✓ | [110] | |
| 7-β-O-(5″Methylfurfural)-4′,6′-O-(2′″hydroxymethylfuran-5″methylidene)-morroniside | Cornusfuroside D(1″R) | ✓ | [110] | |
| 7-β-O-(5″Methylfurfural)-6′-O-(phenyllactic acid)-morroniside | Cornusphenoside A | ✓ | [111] | |
| 7-α-O-(5″Methylfurfural)-6′-O-(phenyllactic acid)-morroniside | Cornusphenoside B | ✓ | [111] | |
| 6′-O-(Phenyllactic acid)-7-β-O-methyl-morroniside | Cornusphenoside C | ✓ | [111] | |
| 6′-O-(Phenyllactic acid)-7- α-O-methyl-morroniside | Cornusphenoside D | ✓ | [111] | |
| 7-β-O-(p-Hydroxyphenyl) propyl-1- α-morroniside | Cornusphenoside E | ✓ | [112] | |
| 7-β-O-(p-Hydroxyphenyl) ethyl- morroniside | Cornusphenoside F | ✓ | [112] | |
| 7-α-O-(p-Hydroxyphenyl) ethyl-morroniside | Cornusphenoside G | ✓ | [112] | |
| 7- β-O-(2′Hydroxymethyl-5′methylfuran)-morroniside | Cornusphenoside H | ✓ | [112] | |
| 7-β-O-(5′Methylfurfural)-morroniside | Cornusphenoside I | ✓ | [112] | |
| Morronisides glycosides | ||||
| Methylquinate(1′-O-7-α)-morroniside | Cornusglucoside A | ✓ | [113] | |
| Glycerol-(1′-O-7-α)-morroniside | Cornusglucoside B | ✓ | [113] | |
| Diglycosides | ||||
| β-D-Fructofuranosyl-(6″-O-7-β)-morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside A | ✓ | [114] | |
| β-D-Fructofuranosyl-(6″-O-7-α) morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside B | ✓ | [114] | |
| β-D-Fructofuranosyl-(1″-O-7-α) morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside C | ✓ | [114] | |
| α-D-Fructofuranosyl-(6″-O-7-β)-morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside D | ✓ | [114] | |
| (6′-O-2″)- Fructopyranosyl-7α-O-methylmorroniside | Cornusdiglycoside E | ✓ | [114] | |
| (6′-O-2″)- Fructopyranosyl-7β-O-methylmorroniside | Cornusdiglycoside F | ✓ | [114] | |
| α-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1″-O-7-α)-morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside G | ✓ | [114] | |
| α-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1″-O-7-β)-morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside H | ✓ | [114] | |
| α-D-Glucopyranosyl-(2″-O-7-β)-morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside I | ✓ | [114] | |
| β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(2″-O-7-β)-morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside I | ✓ | [114] | |
| α-D-Glucopyranosyl-(6″-O-7-β)-morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside J | ✓ | [114] | |
| β-D-Glucopyranosyl-(6″-O-7-β)-morroniside | Cornusdiglycoside J | ✓ | [114] | |
| Dimers (morroniside-morroniside) | ||||
| 7β-O-Methylmorroniside-(6′-O-7″)-α-morroniside | Cornuside J | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7β-O-Methylmorroniside-(6′-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside A | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7α-O-Methylmorroniside-(6′-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside E | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7α-O-Methylmorroniside-(6′-O-7″)-α-morroniside | Cornuside G | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7β-O-Methylmorroniside-(2′-O-7″)-α-morroniside | Cornuside I | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7β-O-Methylmorroniside-(2′-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside B | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7α-O-Methylmorroniside-(2′-O-7″)-α-morroniside | Cornuside H | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7β-O-Methylmorroniside-(3′-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside C | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7α-O-Methylmorroniside-(3′-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside F | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7β-O-Methylmorroniside-(4′-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside D | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7α-O-Ethylmorroniside-(6′-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside K | ✓ | [104] | |
| 7β-O-Ethylmorroniside-(6′-O-7′′)-β-morroniside | Williamsoside D | ✓ | [104] | |
| Dimers (cornuside-morroniside) | ||||
| Cornuside-(2′-O- 7′′′)-β-morroniside | Cornusdiridoid A | ✓ | [99] | |
| Cornuside-(2′-O-7′′′)-α-morroniside | Cornusdiridoid B | ✓ | [99] | |
| Cornuside-(3′-O-7′′′)-α-morroniside | Cornusdiridoid C | ✓ | [99] | |
| Cornuside-(4′-O-7′′′)-α-morroniside | Cornusdiridoid D | ✓ | [99] | |
| Cornuside-(6-O-7′′′)-β-morroniside | Cornusdiridoid E | ✓ | [99] | |
| Cornuside-(6′-O-7′′′)-α-morroniside | Cornusdiridoid F | ✓ | [99] | |
| Dimers (loganin-morroniside) | ||||
| Loganin-(6′-O-7″)-α-morroniside | Cornuside L | ✓ | [104] | |
| Loganin-(2′-O-7″)-α-morroniside | Cornuside M | ✓ | [104] | |
| Loganin-(4′-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside N | ✓ | [104] | |
| Loganin-(4′-O-7″)-α-morroniside | ✓ | [51,105] | ||
| Loganin-(7-O-7″)-β-morroniside | Cornuside O | ✓ | [104] | |
| Monoterpene indol alkaloid from C. officinalis | ||||
| 3β(R)-Vincosamide | ✓ | [99] | ||
| 7-epi-Javaniside | ✓ | [99] | ||
| Javaniside | ✓ | [99] |
* also identified in C. kousa [61].