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. 2022 May 7;15(9):3360. doi: 10.3390/ma15093360
Vr residual velocity of the fragment V50 limit penetration velocity
FD resistance of the fragment ρl density of fuel
CD resistance coefficient L length of the fragment
q energy flux c specific heat of the fragment
cf specific heat of fuel Tb boiling point of fuel
T0 initial temperature of fuel hq evaporation heat of fuel
h heat transfer coefficient k conductivity coefficient of fuel
Pr Prandtl constant ReD Reynolds number
ν kinematic viscosity coefficient of fuel Q internal energy
β conversion factor mvap mass of newly converted oil–gas
M molar mass of RP-3 tc delay time of ignition
Ea activation energy of fuel
TS temperature of the fragment passing through the tank shell