Table 1.
Intubation characteristics of patients in the cohort study stratified by extubation outcomes.
| Characteristics | Total Cohort (n = 499) |
Uneventful Extubation (n = 328) a |
Noninvasive Respiratory Support (n = 125) b |
Reintubation (n = 46) |
p Value | Missing (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 (55–77) | 69 (55–77) | 69 (54–78) | 70 (63–76) | 0.913 | 0 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 311 (62.3%) | 201 (61.3%) | 79 (63.2%) | 31 (67.4%) | 0.706 | 0 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.5 (19.8–25.4) | 22.2 (19.8–25.2) | 23.7 (20.1–26.7) | 21.0 (19.0–24.0) | 0.025 | 0 |
| APACHE II score | 19 (14–24) | 19 (14–23) | 19 (14–25) | 18 (14–22) | 0.386 | 0 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||||
| Heart failure | 151 (30.3%) | 94 (28.7%) | 45 (36.0%) | 12 (26.1%) | 0.194 | 0 |
| COPD | 33 (6.6%) | 18 (5.5%) | 11 (8.8%) | 4 (8.7%) | 0.375 | 0 |
| Asthma | 23 (4.6%) | 15 (4.6%) | 6 (4.8%) | 2 (4.3%) | 0.991 | 0 |
| Other respiratory diseases | 66 (13.2%) | 37 (11.3%) | 18 (14.4%) | 11 (23.9%) | 0.300 | 0 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 130 (26.1%) | 82 (25.0%) | 33 (26.4%) | 15 (32.6%) | 0.543 | 0 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 101 (20.2%) | 66 (20.1%) | 23 (18.4%) | 12 (26.1%) | 0.538 | 0 |
| Surgical ICU admission, n (%) | 355 (71.1%) | 224 (68.3%) | 93 (74.4%) | 38 (82.6%) | 0.087 | 0 |
| Reason for mechanical ventilation, n (%) | ||||||
| Asthma | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.096 | 0 |
| COPD | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Pneumonia | 50 (10.0%) | 33 (10.0%) | 9 (7.2%) | 8 (17.4%) | ||
| ARDS | 4 (0.8%) | 3 (0.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Postoperative acute respiratory failure | 329 (65.9%) | 207 (63.1%) | 88 (70.4%) | 34 (73.9%) | ||
| Upper airway obstruction | 4 (0.8%) | 3 (0.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Other causes of respiratory failure | 17 (3.4%) | 10 (3.0%) | 6 (4.8%) | 1 (2.2%) | ||
| Sepsis | 23 (4.6%) | 17 (5.2%) | 4 (3.2%) | 2 (4.3%) | ||
| Heart failure | 29 (5.8%) | 21 (6.4%) | 8 (6.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Coma | 12 (2.4%) | 8 (2.4%) | 3 (2.4%) | 1 (2.2%) | ||
| Neurological disease | 10 (2.0%) | 9 (2.7%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Trauma | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 18 (3.6%) | 15 (4.6%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Data are expressed as medians (interquartile range) or n (%). a Uneventful extubation was defined as the non-requirement of reintubation or noninvasive respiratory support within 48 h post extubation. b Patients in the noninvasive respiratory support group were administered NIV or HFNO within 48 h post extubation (without reintubation). APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, NIV noninvasive ventilation, HFNO high-flow nasal oxygen.