Table 2.
Data prior to extubation and patient outcomes.
| Variables | Total Cohort | Uneventful Extubation a |
Noninvasive Respiratory Support b |
Reintubation | p Value | Missing (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, h | 83.5 (45.8–139.2) | 68.9 (44.1–119.9) | 92.4 (49.3–184.8) | 99.7 (66.2–164.6) | <0.001 | 0 |
| Cardiopulmonary disorders prior to extubation, n (%) | ||||||
| Underlying or new occurrence of heart failure c | 159 (31.9%) | 100 (30.5%) | 47 (37.6%) | 12 (26.1%) | 0.236 | 0 |
| Underlying respiratory disease or occurrence of pneumonia c | 183 (36.7%) | 111 (33.8%) | 48 (38.4%) | 24 (52.2%) | 0.049 | 0 |
| ABG levels and respiratory data during successful SBT | ||||||
| pH | 7.43 (7.40–7.46) | 7.43 (7.40–7.46) | 7.44 (7.41–7.48) | 7.45 (7.41–7.46) | 0.165 | 0 |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 40.5 (36.8–44.2) | 40.5 (36.9–43.8) | 40.0 (36.1–44.0) | 43.3 (38.4–46.1) | 0.050 | 0 |
| PaO2/FIO2, mmHg | 300 (242–367) | 311 (259–381) | 260 (220–340) | 314 (227–354) | <0.001 | 0 |
| SpO2, % | 98 (97–100) | 99 (98–100) | 98 (97–99) | 98 (96–99) | 0.007 | 0 |
| RSBI, breaths/min/L | 41.8 (31.3–55.7) | 40.3 (30.7–55.0) | 41.8 (31.1–56.9) | 45.1 (36.5–56.3) | 0.141 | 0 |
| Parameters at extubation | ||||||
| SOFA score | 8 (6–10) | 8 (6–10) | 9 (7–11) | 8 (5–10) | 0.002 | 0 |
| Fluid balance during the previous 24 h, mL | −296 (−1053–400) | −313 (−1032–498) | −247 (−1059–343) | −412 (−1198–276) | 0.659 | 0 |
| GCS score, point | 11 (10–11) | 11 (10–11) | 11 (10–11) | 10 (10–11) | 0.314 | 0 |
| Number of endotracheal suctioning episodes during the previous 24 h | 12 (9–16) | 12 (9–14) | 13 (9–16) | 15 (11–18) | 0.659 | 0 |
| Patient outcomes | ||||||
| ICU length of stay, d | 8 (5–14) | 7 (4–11) | 10 (6–17) | 17 (13–27) | <0.001 | 0 |
| Hospital length of stay, d | 46 (28–83) | 40 (27–77) | 48 (29–87) | 75 (49–127) | <0.001 | 0 |
| 28-day mortality, n (%) | 9 (1.8%) | 5 (1.5%) | 3 (2.4%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0.806 | 0 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 13 (2.6%) | 5 (1.5%) | 7 (5.6%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0.051 | 0 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 43 (8.6%) | 23 (7.0%) | 14 (11.2%) | 6 (13.0%) | 0.194 | 0 |
Data are expressed as medians (interquartile range) or n (%). a Uneventful extubation was defined as the non-requirement of reintubation or noninvasive respiratory support within 48 h post extubation. b Patients in the noninvasive respiratory support group were administered NIV or HFNO within 48 h post extubation (without reintubation). c Underlying and new occurrence of heart failure was assessed as a comorbidity and as a reason for mechanical ventilation. Underlying respiratory diseases included comorbidities, and the reasons for mechanical ventilation and the occurrence of pneumonia were based on observations made during mechanical ventilation. ABG arterial blood gas, SBT spontaneous breathing trial, RSBI rapid shallow breathing index, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, ICU intensive care unit.