Figure 5.

Neuroinflammation and related signaling pathways and molecules. ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain; Aβ, amyloid β; DAM, disease-associated microglia; DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; GSDMD, Gasdermin D; IL, interleukin; MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases; nAChRs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; NAMPs, neurodegeneration-associated molecular patterns; NLRP, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing; PRRs, pattern recognition receptors.