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. 2022 Apr 26;11(9):1161. doi: 10.3390/plants11091161

Table 2.

Gamma radiation treatment and LD50 determination to obtain putative mutant lines of different plant species.

Common Name Scientific Name Irradiated Tissue Material Treatment LD50 Observations Reference
Watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum.
& Nakai var. Kaolack and
var. Crimson sweet 		Seeds 100, 200, 300, 400,
and 600 Gy		 Kaolack 225.40 Gy
and Crimson sweet 221.56 Gy		 Radiosensitivity of the two most
frequently cultivated varieties in Cameroon and determination of LD50.		 [16]
Coffee plant Coffea arabica L. var. typica Seeds 0, 50, 100, and 150 Gy 100 Gy Determination of LD50 and
morphological changes in plant		 [17]
Wilman lovegrass Eragrostis superba Peyr. Seeds 100, 200, 300, 450, 600, 900, 1400, 2000, and 4000 Gray 2486 Gy Determination of LD50. [18]
Grasses: llorón, buffel, banderita, and navajita Lloron (Eragrostis curvula),
buffel (Pennisetum ciliare),
banderita (Bouteloua curtipendula),
and navajita (Bouteloua gracilis)		 Seeds 100, 200, 300, 450,
600, and 900 Gray		 Pasto lloron 628 Gy,
buffel 712 Gy,
banderita 698 Gy,
and navajita 411 Gy		 Determination and comparison of LD50 in pastures. [19]
Agave Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul Callus cultures and seedlings 10, 20, 30, 40,
and 50 Gy		 seedlings 20–25 Gy;
Callus 16 Gy		 Determination of LD50 and
comparison between plant material.		 [20]
Potato Solanum tuberosum L. var. Désirée Callus cultures 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 Gy 10 Gy Determination of mean lethal dose. [21]
Golden berry/Uchuva Physalis peruviana L. Axillary buds 50, 100, 200,
and 300 Gy		 Higher percentage of cells with
chromosomal alterations.		 [24]
Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum morifolium
(Ramat.) “Donglinruixue”		 Seeds 0, 15, 20, 25, 30,
and 35 Gy *		 35 Gy The seeds will form genomic and chromosomal abnormalities during anaphase. [26]
Sugar cane Saccharum spp. Híbrido
var. “SP 70-1284”		 Callus cultures 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,
70, and 80 Gy 		30 Gy Determination of LD50. [27]
Gerbera Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus In vitro explant growth, callus cultures and seedlings 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,
and 60 Gy		 20 gy Callus fresh weight decrease
response.		 [30]
Beach purslane Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Shoots 5 to 40 Gy 20 Gy Increased concentration of
ecdisteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone.		 [31]
Orchid Dendrobium sonia Shoots 15–45 Gy 30 GY GR decreased shoot length, fresh weight, and leaf area, but its
combination with yellow light
increased shoot survival and length, fresh weight, and chlorophyll
content		 [32]
Loquat Eriobotrya japonica L. Callus cultures and seedlings (0, 10, 30, and 50 Gy) 10 Gy Response in growth traits: callus diameter, callus height, number of shoots, number of leaves, and height of seedlings. [33]
Banana Musa paradisiaca L. In vitro sprout seedlings 10 Gy, 20 Gy,
and 30 Gy		 10 and 20 Gy Seedling morphological properties. Bases of mass propagation. [34]
Citrus Citrus spp. (several varieties:
‘Alemow’ and sour orange as
citrus rootstock, lemon cv. ‘Fino 49’ and ‘Verna 51’, tangerine cv. ‘Nova’, and lime cv. ‘Bearss’)		 Seeds, buds, and nodal segments Seeds 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 Gy
Buds 0, 25, 50, 75,
and 100 Gy
Nodal segments 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy		 Seeds (LD50 of 127 Gy in Alemow, and 156 Gy in sour orange). Buds (LD50 around 50 Gy for all cultivars) and nodal segments (LD50 around 25 Gy for both lemon cultivars). Difficult-breeding species. [35]
Wheat Triticum aestivum L. Seeds 100, 200, 300
and 400 Gy		 100 Gy 85% increase in proline concentration and higher chlorophyll a concentration in seedlings. [36]
Chickpea Cicer arietinum L. Seeds 50 a 750 Gy
(frequency of 50 Gy) with a dose rate of 10.606 Gy min−1 		150 Gy Lines resistant to Ascochyta rabiei. [44]
Rice Oryza sativa L. var. Mentik Susu M3 Seeds 200 gGy Mutants with short plant height, high productivity, higher seed yield, and short harvest age. [45]
Asiatic spark Centella asiática (L.) Urb. Axillary buds 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,
60, 70, 80, 90, 100,
and 120 Gy		 20 and 30 Gy Higher concentrations of total flavonoids. [49]
Esparceta, Sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Syn.
Onobrychis sativa L.		 Seeds 30, 60, 90, and 120 Gy 90 Gy Remarkable increase in the phenolic content of the leaf extract and increase of alkaloid Berberine. [50]
Barijeh Ferula gummosa Boiss. Callus cultures 0 to 25 Gy Of 20 and 25 Gy Increased phenolic content. [51]
Jengger Ayam Celosia cristata L. Seedlings 0, 25, 50, and 75 Gy 25 Gy The C1U3 2.3.1 mutant presents triterpenic compounds that were not found in the controls. [52]
Curled-leaved St. John’s-wort Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra Callus cultures 10, 20, 40, and 50 Gy 10 Gy Higher content of phytochemicals than in the control samples. [54]
Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Seeds 0, 100, 200, 300,
and 400 Gy		 100 Gy 7% and 9% increases in trigonelline and nicotinic acid. [55]
Common madder or Indianmadder Rubia cordifolia L. Callus cultures 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14,
and 16 Gy		 8 Gy Radiation dose for kinetic study of cell growth and anthraquinone content. They accumulated a maximum level of alizarin and glitter that were 6 and 11 times higher than the non-irradiated callus cultures. [56]
Barley Hordeum vulgare L. Seedlings 50–300 Gy 50 Gy High concentration of proline and antioxidant enzyme activity. Heavy metal stress resistance. [61]

* Gy-Gray unit of measure (J Kg−1): absorption of one joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter.