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. 2022 May 7;14(9):1958. doi: 10.3390/nu14091958

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(A) Body weight, percentage of body fat, and weight of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in male and female offspring of control dams (O-C) and of cafeteria diet-fed dams during lactation (O-CAF) at postnatal day 22 (PN22), week 16 and week 24 of age. (B) Body weight overtime (B1), cumulative food intake (in kcal) (B2), and circulating parameters under fed and fasting feeding conditions (B3) of male and female O-C and O-CAF rats after the western diet (WD) challenge in adulthood. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean of 7–12 animals per group. Statistics: D, effect of maternal diet (control/cafeteria) during lactation; S, effect of sex (male/female); F, effect of feeding condition (fed/fasting); D × S, interaction between maternal diet during lactation and sex; S × F, interaction between sex and feeding condition (p < 0.05, three and two-way ANOVA). T × S, interaction between sex and time, (p < 0.05, ANOVA repeated measures). *, O-CAF versus O-C (p < 0.05, Mann-Witney U test). #, Fasting versus feeding conditions (p < 0.05, Mann–Witney U test). Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; NEFA, nonesterified (or free) fatty acids; O-C, offspring of control dams; O-CAF, offspring of cafeteria diet-fed dams; TG, triacylglycerol.