Figure 2.

Ketamine induces apoptosis in RT4 cells. Cells were treated with ketamine (2 mM) for various time intervals. (A) Caspase-3 activity was detected using the Caspase-3 Activity Assay Kit. Data are presented as the means ± SD of four independent experiments assayed in triplicate. * p < 0.05 as compared to vehicle control. (B) The levels of protein expression for the precursor form of caspase-3, -7, and -9, and PARP were examined using Western blot analysis. Results shown on a representative image, and quantification was determined by densitometric analysis. Each bar presented is the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 compared to the vehicle control.