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. 2022 Apr 23;23(9):4666. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094666

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Norketamine (NK) induces apoptosis in RT4 cells. Cells were treated with NK (0.1–0.3 mM) for 8–24 h in the absence or presence of Z-VAD-FMK (3 μM; the pan-caspase inhibitor) for 1 h prior to the addition of NK. (A) Caspase-3 activity was detected using the caspase-3 Activity Assay Kit, and data are presented as the means ± SD of four independent experiments assayed in triplicate. (B,C) The levels of protein expression for the cleaved form of caspase-3, -7, -9, and PARP were examined using Western blot analysis, and results shown on representative images, and quantification was determined by densitometric analysis. Each bar presented is the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 compared to the vehicle control. # p < 0.05 compared to NK treatment alone.