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Effects of norketamine (NK) on the phosphorylation of MAPK signals in RT4 cells. Cells were treated with NK (0.2 mM) for 30–90 min, and the protein phosphorylation levels of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 were examined using Western blot analysis. Results shown on representative images, and quantification was determined by densitometric analysis. Each bar presented is the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 compared to vehicle control.
