| ATF | activating transcription factor |
| [Ca2+]i | calcium ion |
| CHOP | the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein |
| eIF2α | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| GRP | glucose regulated protein |
| IRE-1 | inositol-requiring enzyme 1 |
| MMP | mitochondrial membrane potential |
| NK | norketamine |
| 4-PBA | 4-phenylbutyric acid |
| PARP | poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| PERK | protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase |
| UPR | unfolded protein response |
| XBP-1 | X-box binding protein-1 |
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