Table 3.
Assessment of anxiety, depression, alcohol consumption, and smoking.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 77) | Control (n = 38) | MAFLD (n = 39) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDI (21 questions), median (IQR) | 10 (5–15) | 8 (2–12.75) | 12 (7–18) | 0.009 |
| LWASQ—Global Score, median (IQR) | 91 (68–140) | 85 (64.25–116) | 100 (76.5–162.5) | 0.045 |
| LWASQ—Somatic factor, median (IQR) | 35 (24–60) | 27.5 (20.25–46.75) | 47 (29–79.5) | 0.003 |
| LWASQ—Behavioral factor, median (IQR) | 22 (18–33) | 22.5 (17.25–26.75) | 22 (18–37) | 0.409 |
| LWASQ—Cognitive factor, median (IQR) | 34 (24–46) | 31 (22–44) | 38 (26.5–53.5) | 0.128 |
| Anxiolytics (yes), n (%) | 5 (6.49) | 2 (5.26) | 3 (7.69) | >0.99 |
| Antidepressants (yes), n (%) | 3 (3.9) | 1 (2.63) | 2 (5.13) | >0.99 |
| AUDIT, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2.5) | 0.091 |
| CAGE, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.007 |
| Smoking history: | 0.935 | |||
| Smoker, n (%) | 15 (19.48) | 8 (21.05) | 7 (17.95) | |
| Never smoked, n (%) | 17 (22.08) | 22 (57.89) | 23 (58.97) | |
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 45 (58.44) | 8 (21.05) | 9 (23.08) | |
| Smoking (pack/years), median (IQR) | 10 (6–16) | 6 (2–8.5) | 17 (10.75–20.5) | <0.001 |
| Fagerström nicotine dependence score, median (IQR) * | 4 (3–6.75) | 4 (3.75–6.5) | 4.5 (2.25–6.75) | 0.845 |
* 7 MAFLD patients and 8 controls were active smokers and completed this questionnaire. AUDIT—Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BDI—Beck depression inventory; CAGE—CAGE Alcohol Questionnaire; IQR—Interquartile range; LWASQ—Lehrer Woolfolk Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire; MAFLD—Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.