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Results of the antibacterial test of CNFs in alginate films. Control alginate films without CNFs (a) and alginate films with a low amount (0.1% w/w) of CNFs (b) against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) bacteria by the agar disk diffusion method at 37 °C after 24 h of incubation. The bacterial inhibitory halo produced by the antibacterial material film of calcium alginate/CNFs can be clearly observed (red arrow) [133].
