Table 1.

This table distinguishes between (A) phenomena observed in the natural world.

A. Natural world	B. Scientific tools/constructs
Synchronised pendulums, neurons, agents Collective intelligence (families, crowds, communities, swarms, flocks of birds)	Dynamical and complex systems theory Active inference Free Energy Principle

In scientific practice, we our reasoning can be guided by principles such as the free energy principle, which inform our construction of models, for example, through the dynamic and complex systems theory, active inference, with the goal of learning more about and be able to predict (B) observed behaviour in the natural world.