Table 1.
Eligibility criteria for systematic review examining the effect of nutrition and physical activity interventions provided by nutrition and exercise practitioners.
| Category | Inclusion | Exclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Setting | Community, work, university, research and other “public” settings, primary care settings | In-patient |
| Population | Humans Adults ≥ 18 years of age Health Status: Healthy or with cardiometabolic risk factors (including overweight or obesity, pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension) but no diagnosed disease. Studies targeting women who are postpartum/lactating are included |
Animal studies <18 years of age Professional or elite athletes Family is the target population Health Status: Any diagnosed disease or conditions limiting generalizability to individuals in the general population including but not limited to: Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Chronic kidney disease Cancer Eating disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome Heart failure, stroke Post-bariatric surgery Severe or persistent mental illness Hypertension Dyslipidemia Metabolic syndrome Frail elderly Osteoarthritis Pregnancy Diagnosed sleep apnea Cognitive impairment |
| Intervention | Must include nutrition AND physical activity Multi-disciplinary beyond nutrition and physical activity are included (e.g., includes intervention from behavioral therapist, nurse, etc.) |
Only includes nutrition OR physical activity |
| Intervention Provider | Interventions delivered by a dietitian or international equivalent, exercise practitioner (see below), or health coach Exercise practitioners as defined by United States Registry of Exercise Professionals http://usreps.org/Pages/credentials.aspx (accessed on 20 February 2022) [22] If the interventionist was defined as a “nutritionist”, the authors checked the following website to determine if this was a dietitian equivalent in the country of interest or emailed the corresponding author: https://www.internationaldietetics.org/NDAs.aspx (accessed on 20 February 2022) [21] “Health Coaches” were identified according to the author’s definition. |
Interventions provided by professionals not specified in inclusion. Practitioner delivering the intervention is not specified. Interventions provided by lifestyle coaches Health coaches |
| Intervention Duration | ≥1 month | <1 month |
| Control and Comparison Groups | Control group for the overarching question is no intervention, wait list, or other control that is not a nutrition or exercise intervention. Comparisons defined in sub-questions are investigated with sub-analyses (ex: efficacy of interventions delivered by telehealth (vs control) compared to efficacy of interventions delivered in-person (vs control)). |
Comparison group receives the same level of nutrition and/or physical activity intervention compared to the intervention group. |
| Outcomes | Quality of life, anxiety/depression, physical activity (exercise duration (ex: min/week) or intensity measured as heart rate, rated perceived exertion or metabolic equivalents, fruit and vegetable intake (measured using a validated tool), waist circumference, percent weight loss (measured as a continuous variable for those with overweight/obesity or as proportion of participants achieving 5 percent weight loss) | Outcomes not defined in inclusion criteria. |
| Study Design | Randomized controlled trials Relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses are searched for potentially included articles missed by the database search. |
Non-randomized trials, non-controlled trials, observational studies, commentaries, narrative reviews. |
| Sample size | ≥10 in each group | <10 in each group |
| Year | January 2010–2 April 2021 | Prior to January 2010 or after the search date of 2 April 2021 |
| Publication | Peer-reviewed publications. | Grey literature, conference abstracts |
| Language | Articles published in the English language. | Articles published in languages other than English. |
| Databases Searched | MEDLINE, CINAHL, SportsDiscus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Controlled Trials | - |