Table 1.
Analytical methods, characteristics, and abundance of MPs detected in bottled water, PET (single-use and reusable), glass and carton. PE: polyethylene; PP: polypropylene; PS: polystyrene; PET: polyethylene terephthalate; PEST (PES—polyether sulfone + PET); PA: polyamide; PBN: 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester; PU: polyurethane; PCTE: polycarbonate track-etched.
| Reference | Packaging | Analytical Method | Shape | Detected Polymers | Particle Size | Abundance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wiesheu et al. [93] | PET | RM | Fibers | PET | - | 1 particle |
| Mason et al. [23] | PET, Glass | FTIR | Fragments, Film, Fiber, Foam, Pellet | PP, NY, PS, PE, PEST | 6.5–100 μm; >100 μm |
315 p/L (PET); 195 p/L (Glass) 10.4 p/L (PET); 8.96 p/L (Glass) |
| Obmann et al. [94] | PET, R-PET, Glass | RM | Fragments Fibers Films |
PET, PE, PP | 1–10 μm; >10 μm |
2649 p/L (PET) 4805.9 p/L (R-PET) 5864.1 p/L (Glass) 83.1 p/L (R-PET) 434.1 p/L (Glass) |
| Schymanski et al. [95] | PET, R-PET, Glass, Carton | RM | - | PEST, PE, PP, PA, others | 5 μm–1359 μm | 14 ± 14 p/L (PET) 118 ± 88 p/L (R-PET) 50 ± 52 p/L (Glass) 11 ± 8 p/L (Carton) |
| Winkler et al. [99] | PET | SEM-EDS | - | PET, PE | ≥3 μm | 148 ± 253 p/L |
| Zuccarello et al. [98] | PET | SEM-EDS | - | - | 0.5–10 μm | 5.42 × 107 p/L |
| Kankanige et al. [97] | PET, Glass | FTIR RM |
Fibers, Fragments | PET, PE, PP, PA | ≥6.5 μm | 140 ± 19 p/L (PET) 52 ± 4 p/L (Glass) |
| Almaiman et al. [89] | PET, Glass, PCTE, | FTIR | - | PE, PS, PET, PP, PA, PU | 25–500 μm | From 0.99 to 4.2 p/L (PET) <LOQ (Glass) <LOQ (PC) |
| Weisser et al. [96] 2021 | Glass | FTIR | Fragments | PE, PS | 11–500 μm | 317 ± 257 p/L |