Fig. 1.

ZBP1 restricts HSV-1 replication in astrocytes in a manner that is independent of interferon production. A Murine astrocytes derived from wild-type mice (ZBP1 + / +) or animals deficient in the expression of ZBP1 (ZBP1−/−) were infected with HSV-1(MacIntyre) at an MOI of 2.0 for 60 min and then untreated or treated with the STAT1 inhibitor Fludarabine (10 μM). At 24 h, cell-free supernatants were collected and the number of plaque-forming units (PFU) released from HSV-1-infected astrocytes was determined by conventional plaque assays in Vero cells. B Murine astrocytes derived from ZBP1+/+ or ZBP1−/− mice were infected with HSV-1 at an MOI of 0.2 or 2.0. At 24 h, the concentration of IFN-β, IL-6, and TNF, in cell-free supernatants was quantified by specific capture ELISAs. Data are presented as the mean of at least three independent experimental replicates ± the SEM. An asterisk indicates a significant difference from similarly treated ZBP1+/+ cells and dagger symbols indicate a significant difference from mock infected cells (p < 0.05; n = 3)