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. 2022 May 13;10:123. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00823-7

Table 4.

Dependent variables differences between the control and intervention groups adjusted for baseline variables

Phase The dependent variable Modified mean (Std. Error) F P value* Eta
Control Intervention
Post test Perceived helplessness 12.07 (0.51) 9.77 (0.54) 9.33 0.004 0.206
Perceived self-efficacy 16.23 (0.79) 13.53 (0.83) 5.39 0.026 0.130
Total Perceived Stress Score 28.30 (0.96) 23.30 (1.01) 12.52 0.001 0.258
Disapproving emotional responses 15.69 (0.75) 10.34 (0.80) 22.45  < 0.001 0.412
Difficulty in carrying out purposeful behavior 15.36 (0.67) 12.08 (0.71) 10.67 0.003 0.250
Difficulty in controlling impulses 16.60 (0.73) 13.81 (0.77) 6.49 0.016 0.169
Lack of emotional awareness 15.93 (0.69) 15.28 (0.73) 0.38 0.538 0.012
Limited access to emotional strategies 24.06 (0.88) 15.83 (0.93) 39.05  < 0.001 0.550
Lack of emotional clarity 10.44 (0.58) 8.52 (0.61) 4.96 0.033 0.134
Total score of emotion regulation difficulties 98.08 (3.18) 75.86 (3.36) 21.74  < 0.001 0.405
Follow-up Perceived helplessness 12.96 (0.68) 10.73 (0.72) 4.97 0.032 0.121
Perceived self-efficacy 14.97 (0.78) 14.45 (0.79) 0.22 0.642 0.006
Total Perceived Stress Score 27.93 (1.19) 25.18 (1.25) 2.47 0.125 0.064
Disapproving emotional responses 14.25 (0.80) 11.04 (0.85) 7.13 0.012 0.182
Difficulty in carrying out purposeful behavior 14.81 (0.78) 11. 84 (0.82) 6.57 0.015 0.170
Difficulty in controlling impulses 15.78 (0.81) 13.93 (0.86) 2.32 0.138 0.068
Lack of emotional awareness 16.84 (0.47) 15.44 (0.49) 3.99 0.054 0.111
Limited access to emotional strategies 22.98 (1.11) 16.56 (1.17) 14.94 0.001 0.318
Lack of emotional clarity 11.05 (0.60) 9.89 (0.63) 1.68 0.204 0.050
Total score of emotion regulation difficulties 95.70 (3.51) 78.70 (3.70) 10.46 0.003 0.246

*ANCOVA