Figure 1.

Development of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-integrated pancreatic cancer organoid (CIPCO) model and its morphologic characteristics. The CIPCOs were incubated for 2–10 days at 37 °C under 5% CO₂. CIPCO analysis was performed on day 5. (A) Bright-field images of pancreatic cancer organoids (PCOs), CAFs, and CIPCOs on days 2, 4, 7, and 10. Bar = 500 μm. (B) Immunofluorescence images of the PCO and CIPCO models labeled with CK19 and vimentin. Bar = 100 μm. (C) Comparison of H&E and vimentin-stained images of PCOs, CIPCOs, and human pancreatic cancer tissues. Bar = 200 μm. (D) Comparison of Masson’s trichrome-stained images of PCOs, CIPCOs, and human pancreatic cancer cells. Bar = 500 μm. (E) Immunofluorescence images of PCOs and CIPCOs labeled with collagen I. Bar = 100 μm. (F) Quantitative analysis of the relative fluorescence intensity of collagen I in PCOs and CIPCOs. (n = 6) * p < 0.05.