Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics, variables of clinical assessment, and comprehensive geriatric assessment of older patients between groups.
| All (n = 52) |
Non-Sarcopenia @ (n = 17) |
Pre-Sarcopenia # (n = 17) |
Sarcopenia (n = 18) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 86.9 ± 7.5 | 85.4 ± 8.1 | 84.6 ± 8.2 | 90.3 ± 4.9 | 0.046 * |
| Sex | 0.388 | ||||
| Male | 44 (84.6) | 16 (94.1) | 14 (82.4) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Female | 8 (15.4) | 1 (5.9) | 3 (17.6) | 4 (22.2) | |
| Height | 160.0 ± 7.9 | 160.9 ± 8.3 | 160.8 ± 8.2 | 158.5 ± 7.5 | 0.602 |
| Weight | 58.1 ± 12.4 | 66.2 ± 9.7 | 54.5 ± 10.7 @ | 54.0 ± 12.9 @ | 0.003 * |
| BMI | 22.6 ± 4.4 | 25.6 ± 3.9 | 20.9 ± 3.7 @ | 21.3 ± 4.2 @ | 0.001 * |
| Percent body fat, % | 30.4 ± 9.9 | 34.2 ± 9.8 | 27.3 ± 7.2 | 29.7 ± 11.2 | 0.116 |
| Skeletal muscle mass, kg | 21.0 ± 4.3 | 23.3 ± 4.0 | 20.6 ± 4.0 | 19.2 ± 4.1 @ | 0.015 * |
| Total body water, % | 29.3 ± 5.4 | 32.0 ± 5.4 | 28.6 ±4.9 | 27.4 ± 4.9 @ | 0.029 * |
| Soft lean mass, kg | 37.4 ± 6.9 | 40.9 ± 6.8 | 36.5 ± 6.3 | 34.8 ± 6.4 @ | 0.024 * |
| Fat free mass, kg | 39.7 ± 7.2 | 43.3 ± 7.4 | 38.9 ± 6.6 | 37.1 ± 6.6 @ | 0.033 * |
| Fat, kg | 18.4 ± 8.1 | 22.9 ± 7.6 | 15.2 ± 6.1 @ | 16.9 ± 8.6 | 0.013 * |
| Arm circumference, cm | 27.9 ± 6.2 | 31.0 ± 8.2 | 26.5 ± 3.2 | 25.9 ± 6.2 @ | 0.030 * |
| Waist circumference, cm | 83.4 ± 15.1 | 88.7 ± 19.9 | 81.4 ± 9.8 | 79.9 ± 12.8 | 0.192 |
| Calf circumference, cm | 29.1 ± 3.9 | 31.8 ± 3.6 | 29.3 ± 1.6 | 26.8 ± 4.4 @ | 0.007 * |
| Visceral fat area, cm2 | 100.0 ± 53.4 | 115.7 ± 69.4 | 80.1 ± 37.3 | 102.8 ± 44.8 | 0.153 |
| CCI | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 1.6 ± 1.6 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 2.3 ± 2.0 | 0.596 |
| Barthel index | 77.3 ± 27.4 | 73.5 ± 30.6 | 95.3 ± 6.4 @ | 62.5 ± 28.5 # | 0.001 * |
| IADL | 4.3 ± 2.9 | 4.3 ± 3.3 | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 2.3 ± 2.4 @ # | 0.001 * |
| MMSE | 17.6 ± 6.6 | 18.3 ± 6.6 | 20.3 ± 5.3 | 14.3 ± 6.8 # | 0.030 * |
| MNA-SF | 0.311 | ||||
| Normal nutrition | 15 (33.3) | 7 (53.8) | 5 (31.3) | 3 (18.8) | |
| At risk of malnutrition | 20 (44.4) | 5 (38.5) | 7 (43.8) | 8 (50.0) | |
| Malnutrition | 10 (22.2) | 1 (7.7) | 4 (25.0) | 5 (31.3) | |
| Frailty | 35 (67.3) | 9 (52.9) | 10 (58.8) | 16 (89.9) | 0.051 |
| Hand grip, kg | 17.6 ± 9.0 | 17.1 ± 9.4 | 22.8 ± 8.5 | 13.0 ± 6.5 # | 0.006 * |
| Fall in past year | 13 (28.9) | 2 (15.4) | 4 (25.0) | 7 (43.8) | 0.224 |
| Incontinence | 9 (20.0) | 3 (23.1) | 0 | 6 (37.5) | 0.028 * |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment-short Form. * p < 0.05; comparing patients with non-sarcopenia, pre-sarcopenia, and sarcopenia. @ p < 0.05; compared with non-sarcopenia group. # p < 0.05; compared with pre-sarcopenia group.