Table 1.

Specifications of the primary cost–benefit and cost–utility analyses.

	CBA Primary Analysis	CUA Primary Analysis
Perspective and Referent Group	Societal, Australian population	Healthcare system
Comparator/Base Case	Status quo—no shelf tag intervention
Options for Appraisal	Shelf tag intervention—3-year intervention and duration of effect
Time Horizon	Lifetime account of healthcare costs and health impacts
Discount Rate	3% (recommended by CBA framework [45])	5% (recommended by PBAC [21])
Costs Included	Supermarket industry, government	Government—health sector
Benefits Included	HALYs valued using VSLY Healthcare cost-savings Consumer surplus (WTP for HSR) Benefits to supermarkets (assessed qualitatively)	HALYs gained Healthcare cost-savings
Decision Rules	NPV/BCR	ICER: AUD per HALY gained
Sensitivity Analyses *	Univariate and multivariate sensitivity analyses (see Table 2)
Distributional Impacts and Other Considerations	Equity and distributional impacts and other considerations described (qualitatively)
Reporting	Disaggregate costs and benefits across subgroups (retailers, individuals, government, and various healthcare payers (e.g., state and federal governments, individuals and private health insurers).	Overall findings

Notes: AUD: Australian dollar; BCR: benefit–cost ratio; CBA: cost–benefit analysis; CUA: cost–utility analysis; HALY: health-adjusted life years; HSR: Health Star Rating; ICER: incremental cost–effectiveness ratio; NPV: net present value; PBAC: Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee; VSLY: value of a statistical life year; WTP: willingness to pay; * probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) incorporated into all analyses.