Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| N° of Studies | N° of Subjects (Range) | |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 31 | 48,853,780 (218–47,852,342) |
| Country | ||
| United States | 10 | 47,917,779 (484–47,852,342) |
| Europe | 10 | 328,989 (218–291,169) |
| Asia | 9 | 54,220 (254–28,392) |
| Mixed | 2 | 552,792 (2432–550,360) |
| Data source | ||
| Survey | 18 | 622,312 (218–550,360) |
| Administrative database | 3 | 48,162,290 (18,779–47,582,342) |
| Clinical examination | 10 | 69,178 (437–28,392) |
| Criteria for visual impairment | ||
| Self-reported | 15 | 80,100 (400–36,110) |
| BCVA | 12 | 61,030 (218–28,392) |
| ICD | 2 | 47,871,121(18,779–47,852,342) |
| Other criteria | 2 | 841,529 (291,169–550,360) |
| Criteria for depression | ||
| CES-D Scale | 7 | 11,447 (484–2,591) |
| GDS-15 | 6 | 17,118 (254–13,900) |
| PHQ-9 | 4 | 22,782 (567–10,480) |
| Self-reported | 4 | 74,552 (218–36,110) |
| Other criteria | 10 | 48,727,881 (437–47,852,342) |
BCVA: best-corrected visual acuity; CES-D: Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; ICD: International Classification of Disease; PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire.