Table 2.
Proportion of participants with depression overall and among visual impaired, and proportion of participants with visual impairment overall and among depressed.
| N. Subjects (N. Studies) | Pooled Proportion (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Depression | 929,678 (27) | 0.17 (0.13–0.22) |
| Surveys | 583,563 (17) | 0.19 (0.14–0.27) |
| Clinical Examination | 36,167 (8) | 0.15 (0.10–0.23) |
| Administrative databases | 309,948 (2) | 0.07 (0.03–0.16) |
| p-value * | 0.0664 | |
| Visual Impairment | 48,568,108 (28) | 0.10 (0.07–0.16) |
| Surveys | 611,430 (16) | 0.16 (0.10–0.25) |
| Clinical Examinations | 64,559 (9) | 0.07 (0.03–0.13) |
| Administrative databases | 47,892,290 (3) | 0.03 (0.01–0.07) |
| p-value * | 0.0018 | |
| Depression among visually impaired | 566,156 (21) | 0.27 (0.21–0.33) |
| Surveys | 82,804 (10) | 0.29 (0.22–0.37) |
| Clinical Examinations | 3323 (8) | 0.26 (0.17–0.38) |
| Administrative databases | 480,029 (3) | 0.22 (0.08–0.46) |
| p-value * | 0.7868 | |
| Visual Impairment among depressed | 130,048 (20) | 0.20 (0.13–0.29) |
| Surveys | 89,897 (10) | 0.28 (0.16–0.43) |
| Clinical Examinations | 3459 (8) | 0.15 (0.09–0.25) |
| Administrative databases | 36,692 (2) | 0.08 (0.02–0.33) |
| p-value * | 0.1387 |
* p-value for heterogeneity between groups.