Table 1:
Summary of various bioink combinations used to tailor constructs for various different applications
| Shell Bioink or Crosslinker |
Core Bioink or Crosslinker | Cell Type Used | Applications | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GelMA | Peptide-functionalized, succinylated chitosan (C)/dextran aldehyde (D) | Shell - hBMSCs Core - HUVECs | Wound healing applications | [56] |
| GelMA | Gelatin | Shell: HUVECs, MC3T3-E1 or MDA-MB-231 Core: ECs | Large-scale vascularized tissue constructs | [76] |
| Alg/SF | Pluronic F127 and calcium ions | C3A liver cancer cells | 3D bioprinting for tissue and organ regeneration | [77] |
| Gelatin-PEG-tyramine (GPT) prepolymer | Gelatin | Shell: HDFs Core: HUVECs | In vitro disease modelling | [61] |
| Sodium alginate | Gelatin and alginate | Core: NE-4C | Neural research | [81] |
| Gelatin-GelMA | PVA | Shell: HUVECs | Tissue modelling and regenerative medicine | [54] |
| ALG- CMC- NFC | Calcium chloride | HUVECs | Fabrication of a perfusable and hollow construct | [25] |
| Calcium chloride | ALG, GelMA and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) | Core: BM-hMSCs | Development of osteochondral constructs | [68] |
| Sodium alginate | GelMA and calcium chloride | Core: GFP-HUVECs | Organ repair and tissue engineering | [63] |
| GelMA | Alginate | Shell: EPC Core: islets cells | Islet transplantation for Type I diabetes treatment | [86] |
| Calcium alginate | GelMA | Core: HUVECs | Drug delivery vehicles in tissue engineering | [70] |
| Alginate | Cell suspension | Shell: GSC23 Core: U118 | Microfiber constructs for drug development and screening | [46] |
| GelMA, alginate and eight-arm poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate with a tripentaerythritol core | Calcium chloride | Shell: Various cell types | Fabrication and creation of human cannular tissues | [78] |
| HA-GelMA and photoinitiator (VA-086) | HA-GelMa | Core: MSCs | Treatment of musculoskeletal conditions | [64] |
| Alginate | GelMA and calcium chloride | Core: HUVECs | High degree of control of the microenvironment of 3D bioprinted scaffolds and constructs | [26] |
| Alginate/gelatin | Fibrinogen | Core: RFP-GSCs and GFP-MSCs | In vitro analysis and interactions of tumor microenvironment | [87] |
| Calcium chloride | Alginate, GelMA, chondroitin sulfate amino ethyl methacrylate (CS-AEMA) and HAMA (optional) | Core: BM-MSCs | Cartilage tissues engineering | [69] |
| Calcium chloride | GelMA, alginate and a photoinitiator (LAP) | Core: HUVECs | Tissue engineering and tissue model development for drug delivery | [55] |
| algMC + Matrigel | algMC, algMC + fibrin or algMC + plasma | Shell: HepG2 Core: NIH 3T3 | Tissue engineering for the tailoring of scaffold microenvironments for artificial liver. | [35] |