Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | Grouped by Gender | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | HRW | PW | p-Value | HRW (n = 9) | PW (n = 9) | p-Value | |
| Age (years) | M (n = 6) | 22.67 ± 0.82 | 22.67 ± 0.52 | 1.000 | 23.22 ± 1.09 | 22.67 ± 0.87 | 0.249 |
| F (n = 3) | 24.33 ± 0.58 | 22.67 ± 1.53 | 0.152 | ||||
| Height (cm) | M (n = 6) | 174.17 ± 4.22 | 173.00 ± 6.07 | 0.707 | 170.11 ± 7.27 | 168.67 ± 8.84 | 0.710 |
| F (n = 3) | 162.00 ± 4.36 | 160.00 ± 7.21 | 0.702 | ||||
| Body weight (kg) | M (n = 6) | 66.50 ± 6.09 | 67.17 ± 7.94 | 0.874 | 64.89 ± 6.09 | 61.94 ± 11.56 | 0.509 |
| F (n = 3) | 61.67 ± 5.69 | 51.50 ± 11.46 | 0.241 | ||||
| MP (w) | M (n = 6) | 462.00 ± 42.21 | 487.50 ± 144.85 | 0.688 | 401.00 ± 111.38 | 390.22 ± 189.97 | 0.885 |
| F (n = 3) | 279.00 ± 108.06 | 195.67 ± 82.00 | 0.347 | ||||
| AP (w) | M (n = 6) | 351.83 ± 31.00 | 365.00 ± 127.53 | 0.811 | 300.89 ± 91.08 | 290.78 ± 153.25 | 0.867 |
| F (n = 3) | 199.00 ± 86.13 | 142.33 ± 60.93 | 0.405 | ||||
| 30 s rowing distance (m) | M (n = 6) | 179.17 ± 5.34 | 178.83 ± 19.25 | 0.968 | 172.22 ± 18.36 | 163.44 ± 29.33 | 0.458 |
| F (n = 3) | 158.33 ± 29.02 | 132.67 ± 19.55 | 0.273 | ||||
| Predicted time of rowing 500 m (s) | M (n = 6) | 99.68 ± 3.12 | 100.97 ± 8.26 | 0.729 | 107.68 ± 14.92 | 113.42 ± 22.18 | 0.528 |
| F (n = 3) | 123.67 ± 17.04 | 138.33 ± 20.03 | 0.389 | ||||
| MHR (b/min) | M (n = 6) | 178.17 ± 12.64 | 169.83 ± 13.67 | 0.299 | 176.89 ± 11.36 | 162.78 ± 17.22 | 0.057 |
| F (n = 3) | 174.33 ± 10.12 | 148.67 ± 16.44 | 0.083 | ||||
| RHR (b/min) | M (n = 6) | 70.50 ± 6.22 | 72.50 ± 9.38 | 0.673 | 71.33 ± 11.20 | 74.33 ± 8.85 | 0.537 |
| F (n = 3) | 73.00 ± 19.97 | 78.00 ± 7.94 | 0.708 | ||||
| HRPC immediately after the test (%) | M (n = 6) | 147.57 ± 40.24 | 123.68 ± 42.52 | 0.341 | 142.73 ± 39.90 | 114.47 ± 36.51 | 0.137 |
| F (n = 3) | 133.03 ± 45.91 | 96.07 ± 7.01 | 0.240 | ||||
| HRPC after 1 min of recovery (%) | M (n = 6) | 88.33 ± 34.13 | 72.08 ± 32.69 | 0.419 | 85.59 ± 32.48 | 56.88 ± 34.65 | 0.089 |
| F (n = 3) | 80.10 ± 35.22 | 26.48 ± 7.34 | 0.061 | ||||
| HRPC after 2 min of recovery (%) | M (n = 6) | 73.65 ± 32.21 | 63.60 ± 30.64 | 0.592 | 66.26 ± 30.15 | 50.21 ± 32.52 | 0.293 |
| F (n = 3) | 51.50 ± 23.47 | 23.42 ± 16.41 | 0.165 | ||||
| HRPC after 3 min of recovery (%) | M (n = 6) | 67.06 ± 31.17 | 56.77 ± 24.63 | 0.540 | 64.01 ± 26.92 | 46.66 ± 25.05 | 0.176 |
| F (n = 3) | 57.92 ± 19.65 | 26.45 ± 8.63 | 0.064 | ||||
Note: HRW, hydrogen-rich water; PW, placebo water; M, male; F, female; MP, maximum power; AP, average power; MHR, maximum heart rate; RHR, resting heart rate; HRPC, heart rate percent change.