Table 4. Statistical comparisons of flight behaviors according to experimental conditions and sound signal attributes.

The seven flight metrics (described in Table 2) were compared using three-factor Type III ANOVA to determine whether flight behaviors differed according to the frequency level of the sound signal and/or the sound shape. F statistics, p-values, and generalized effect sizes (${\eta }_G^2$) are given for each factor. Values are reported to three significant digits with the exception of those smaller than 0.01, which are denoted by “<0.01” or by “<<0.01” if the difference is greater than one order of magnitude. Significant comparisons are shown with bolded p-values and a single asterisk (*).

Flight metric	Comparisons between control and treatment flights	Comparisons among sound signals by frequency level	Comparisons among sound signals by sound shape	Comparisons among sound signals by interaction of frequency and shape
1. Within-flight change in velocity (m/s)	F1,18 = 0.41p= 0.53 ${\eta }_G^2$ <0.01	F1,18 = 0.80p= 0.38 ${\eta }_G^2=0.01$	F1,18 = 3.15p= 0.09 ${\eta }_G^2=0.01$	F1,18 = 0.54p= 0.47 ${\eta }_G^2$ <0.01
2. Average velocity (m/s)	F1,18 = 3.02p= 0.10 ${\eta }_G^2=0.02$	F1,18 = 0.45p= 0.51 ${\eta }_G^2$ <<0.01	F1,18 <0.01 p= 0.96 ${\eta }_G^2$ <<0.01	F1,18 = 1.37p= 0.26 ${\eta }_G^2=0.01$
3. Minimum distance from obstacle (m)	F1,18 = 21.4p<<0.01 (*)${\eta }_G^2=0.10$	F1,18 = 0.60p= 0.45 ${\eta }_G^2$ <0.01	F1,18 = 0.11p= 0.75 ${\eta }_G^2$ <0.01	F1,18 = 2.38p= 0.14 ${\eta }_G^2=0.02$
4. Minimum distance from speaker (m)	F1,18 = 28.6p<<0.01 (*)${\eta }_G^2=0.11$	F1,18 = 0.10p= 0.76 ${\eta }_G^2$ <<0.01	F1,18 = 0.04p= 0.85 ${\eta }_G^2$ <<0.01	F1,18 = 1.94p= 0.18 ${\eta }_G^2=0.01$
5. Distance from obstacle when bird makes greatest adjustment in flight trajectory (m)	F1,18 = 17.7p<<0.01 (*)${\eta }_G^2=0.07$	F1,18 = 0.01p= 0.91 ${\eta }_G^2$ <<0.01	F1,18 = 2.36p= 0.14 ${\eta }_G^2=0.01$	F1,18 = 2.54p= 0.13 ${\eta }_G^2=0.03$
6. Distance from speaker when bird makes greatest adjustment in flight trajectory (m)	F1,18 = 21.7p<<0.01 (*)${\eta }_G^2=0.08$	F1,18 = 0.27p= 0.61 ${\eta }_G^2$ <<0.01	F1,18 = 3.36p= 0.08 ${\eta }_G^2=0.02$	F1,18 = 3.16p= 0.09 ${\eta }_G^2=0.03$
7. Proportion of flight completed when bird makes greatest adjustment in flight trajectory	F1,18 = 2.55p= 0.13 ${\eta }_G^2=0.01$	F1,18 <0.01 p= 0.94 ${\eta }_G^2$ <<0.01	F1,18 = 2.78p= 0.11 ${\eta }_G^2=0.02$	F1,18 = 1.31p= 0.27 ${\eta }_G^2=0.01$