Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted risk factors for NHH in ICU COVID-19 patients.
| ICU Patients |
NHH Group |
Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | aOR (95% CI) | p | |||
| 156 | 19 (12.2) | |||||
| Age > 70 years old | 67 | 8 (11.9) | 0.96 (0.36–2.54) | 0.937 | ||
| Male (vs. female), n (%) | 115 | 15 (13) | 1.39 (0.43–4.45) | 0.581 | ||
| SOFA score ≥ 4 | 86 | 13 (19) | 1.9 (0.68–5.29) | 0.214 | ||
| APACHE II score ≥ 10 | 97 | 12 (12.4) | 1.05 (0.39–2.83) | 0.925 | ||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Arterial hypertension | 77 | 12 (15.6) | 1.89 (0.7–5.1) | 0.199 | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 37 | 7 (18.9) | 2.08 (0.75–5.75) | 0.151 | ||
| Diabetes | 24 | 4 (16.7) | 1.56 (0.47–5.18) | 0.465 | ||
| Obesity a | 57 | 5 (8.8) | 0.58 (0.19–1.71) | 0.323 | ||
| Chronic renal disease b | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 1.47 (0.16–13.3) | 0.732 | ||
| Hemodialysis | 5 | 1 (20.0) | 1.85 (0.19–17.4) | 0.587 | ||
| Chronic lung disease | 23 | 6 (26.1) | 2.51 (1.09–9.71) | 0.103 | ||
| Previous neoplasm c | 13 | 2 (15.4) | 1.35 (0.27–6.60) | 0.712 | ||
| Chronic neurological disorders | 11 | 2 (18.2) | 1.67 (0.33–8.4) | 0.528 | ||
| Autoimmune diseases | 13 | 2 (15.4) | 1.35 (0.27–6.6) | 0.712 | ||
| Other chronical diseases | 22 | 3 (13.6) | 1.16 (0.31–4.38) | 0.822 | ||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Pre-ICU hospitalization ≥ 7 days | 44 | 4 (9.1) | 0.65 (0.20–2.07) | 0.460 | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mmHg | 16 | 4 (25) | 2.78 (0.79–9.71) | 0.098 | ||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 118 | 18 (15.3) | 6.66 (0.86–51.6) | 0.039 | 7.1 (0.90–56.4) | 0.062 |
| ICU length of stay > 28 days | 55 | 8 (14.5) | 1.39 (0.52–3.69) | 0.505 | ||
| 28-day ICU mortality | 49 | 5 (10.2) | 0.75 (0.25–2.23) | 0.610 | ||
| Overall ICU mortality | 57 | 6 (10.5) | 0.778 (0.28–2.2) | 0.632 | ||
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; BMI, body mass index; SOFA score, sequential organ failure assessment and APACHE II score, acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation at ICU admission; a obesity is defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2; b stage 3–5 of CKD, chronic kidney disease; c includes solid neoplasia or hematological malignancy in the last 5 years.