Table 1.
Caregivers’ Difficulty in Managing Smartphone Use of Children and Caregiver- and Children-Related Factors (n = 252).
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Caregivers’ difficulty in managing child’s smartphone use | |||
| Never | 75 (29.76) | ||
| Seldom | 64 (25.40) | ||
| Sometimes | 60 (23.81) | ||
| Often | 53 (21.03) | ||
| Level of difficulty | 1.36 (1.12) | 0–3 | |
| Caregivers | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 200 (79.37) | ||
| Male | 52 (20.63) | ||
| Age (years) | 42.23 (8.34) | 23–77 | |
| Caregivers’ educational level (years) | 14.18 (2.68) | 6–20 | |
| General mental health state | |||
| Good | 161 (63.89) | ||
| Poor | 91 (36.11) | ||
| Parenting style | |||
| Affectionate/caring | 37.08 (5.16) | 19–47 | |
| Overprotective | 13.75 (3.32) | 7–22 | |
| Authoritarian parenting | 12.24 (2.67) | 6–21 | |
| Children | |||
| Girls | 52 (20.63) | ||
| Boys | 200 (79.37) | ||
| Age (years) | 10.29 (2.94) | 6–23 | |
| Taking of medication for ADHD | |||
| No or irregular | 40 (15.87) | ||
| Regular | 212 (84.13) | ||
| Inattention symptoms | 12.88 (5.83) | 0–27 | |
| Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms | 9.93 (6.17) | 0–27 | |
| Oppositional ODD symptoms | 9.33 (5.92) | 0–23 |
ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder.