Figure 6.

Different stages of a CoV-2 life cycle along with target points for fighting the virus. The CoVs can be fought almost from the beginning of the virus to the function of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. However, after the function of the enzyme, no specific strategy has been proposed to deal with the virus. As soon as the virus enters the body, a range of events will occur, though up to stage, 5 the virus can still be defeated. Nanoparticles that have monoclonal antibodies or antigens on their surface usually act before the virus enters the cell. The ACE2 receptor, which is among the most important cell surface receptors for the SARS-CoV-2, was a target of many studies for blocking virus cell entry. As soon as the virus binds to this receptor, the process of virus penetration into the host cell begins. Consequently, masking this agent on the surface of host cells can prevent the virus from entering the cell. Nanoparticles that encapsulated therapeutic agents will be able to fight the virus as it enters the host cell. See the text for more details.