Table 1.

Previously used different classes of nanoparticles in respiratory viral diseases.

Compound	Virus	Antigen	Adjuvant	NP Size (Diameter, nm)	Outcome
Polyanhydride	RSV	G and F glycoproteins	-	200–800	The replication of virus was suppressed in infected mice
HPMA/NIPAM	RSV	F protein	TLR-7/8 agonist	12–25	By having significant antigenicity, TH1 isotype anti-RSV F antibodies was produce in the blood.
Chitosan	IF(H1N1)	IF(H1N1)	Heat shock proteins	200–250	After administration, the nanosystem produced antibody and induced T cell immunity.
PLGA	BPI3V	BPI3V proteins	-	225.4	The infected pigs had low virus penetration (loading) in their lungs.
Gold	IF	Antigen M2e	CpG	12	Full protection of vaccinated mice against the virus by the increasing M2e-specific IgG in serum.
Q11 peptide	IF(H1N1)	Antigen M2e	-	15–100	Protection against homologous challenge of IF PR8 H1N1 and heterologous challenge of avian IF H7N9.
Viral-like particle	RSV	M1 protein of IF and RSV-F or -G	MPL and trehalose 6,6 dimycolate	10–1000	Induction the memory of T cell responses.

Abbreviations: RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; TLR, toll-like receptor; TH1, T helper type 1; PLGA, Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide).